Abstract: Finely divided solids suspensions can be dewatered by adding to the solids suspension a mixed hydroxy ether of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a linear hydroxy alkyl group containing from 2 to 16 carbon atoms with the hydroxyl group on the carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom with the ether linkage and R.sup.2 is a linear alkyl group with 1 to 15 carbon atoms with the proviso that the sum of the total carbon atoms in R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is 5 to 17, R.sup.3 is a linear or branched alkyl group with 1 to 12 carbon atoms and n is a number of from 1 to 20. The mixed hydroxy ethers are readily biodegradable, generate very little foam and have a low solidification point.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of plastics containing amide groups with elimination of CO.sub.2 by reaction of polyfunctional isocyanates, carboxylic acids and, optionally, alcohols in the presence of tertiary amines, more particularly heteroaromatic amines. The heteroaromatic amines preferably contain another heteroatom and/or substituents having +I and/or +M effects. The reaction preferably starts at room temperature. Fine-cell foams having an acid value of less than 40 and a density of at most 150 g/l can be produced in short reaction times at room temperature without any need for additional blowing agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to ionic polymers obtained by reaction of carboxyfunctional fat- and oil-based starting materials with salts of polyvalent ions. They may be used as sealants, coatings, adhesives and as additives for plastic formulations and for mortars, gypsums and cements. The starting mixture may be present both in a one-component formulation and in a two-component formulation.

Abstract: A process for removing printing inks from printed wastepaper in the presence of a deinking chemical is provided. In this process printed wastepaper is disintegrated to form a paper stock suspension and the detached printing ink particles are removed in known manner by flotation or washing in another stage. In this process, alkoxylates of blown oils are used as the deinking chemical. The deinking chemical is added during disintegration and/or before the flotation or washing step. Preferably, the printed wastepaper is disintegrated in the presence of 0.02 to 2% by weight and preferably 0.1 to 0.8% by weight, based on air-dry paper stock, of alkoxylates of blown oils. This deinking chemical also removed printing inks from paper circuit waters.

Abstract: A process for the production of carboxyfunctional polyurethane from dihydroxyfatty acids and/or dihydroxypolyfatty acids as isocyanate-reactive compounds bearing an ionizable group is provided. The dihydroxycarboxylic acids and/or dihydroxypolyfatty acids have no shielding molecular group near the carboxy group, more particularly not in the alpha-position to the carboxy group, and thus give particularly good results when used as a structural element for the production of polyurethanes. Also provided are polyurethanes and aqueous polyurethane dispersions produced using the dihydroxyfatty acids.

Abstract: A fabric softening composition containing a thiodiglycol derivative corresponding to formula IR.sup.1 --O--(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.x --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 --SO.sub.z --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 --O).sub.w --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 --O).sub.y --R.sup.2 (I)wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and represent linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups containing 6 to 30 carbon atoms or hydrogen, x+y=0 to 20, w is 1 to 5, and z is 1 or 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to alkoxylated compounds prepared by reaction of epoxidized C.sub.10-22 carboxylic acid derivatives with C.sub.2-4 alkylene oxides in the presence of alkoxylation catalysts and mono- and/or polyhydric alcohols.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds containing polyether chains prepared by reaction of epoxidized C.sub.10-22 carboxylic acid derivatives with polyalkylene glycols having average molecular weights of 100 to 2,000 and/or certain alkoxylated aliphatic compounds for the removal of printing inks from printed wastepaper and/or paper circuit waters.

Abstract: A polyurethane friable sealing compound free of solvent and plasticizer having a shore A hardness of below 40 and consisting essentially of a polyol component and an isocyanate component. The polyol component is selected from modified triglycerides obtained by partial ring opening of epoxidized triglycerides of a fatty acid mixture containing olefinically unsaturated fatty acids and monohydric or polyhydric alcohols. The isocyanate component is selected from polyfunctional aromatic and aliphatic isocyanates, wherein the OH:NCO equivalent ratio is from 1:0.1 to 1:1.15.

Abstract: A process for the production of epoxide ring opening products having a defined residual epoxide oxygen content by reaction of epoxides with nucleophiles in the presence of medium-strength acids is provided. The products have a defined residual epoxide oxygen content of 10 to 80% by weight based on the epoxide. In the process, aliphatic epoxidized olefins or aliphatic epoxidized esters are reacted with nucleophiles in the presence of 1 to 4 g phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, or hypophosphorous acid per mol epoxide and the ring opening product is directly obtained without neutralization of the catalyst acid.

Abstract: The process of producing alkoxylated thiodiglycol sulfoxide derivatives and thiodiglycol sulfone derivatives corresponding to formula I ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 may be the same or different and represent a hydroxyl-substituted aklyl radical containing 8 to 30 carbon atoms, an acyl radical of an alkyl monocarboxylic acid containing 8 to 30 carbon atoms, and X.sub.1 or X.sub.2 may be hydrogen, R represents hydrogen or methyl, z is 1 or 2, n is 0 to 25 and m is 1 to 25, by reacting an alkoxylated thiodiglycol with a C.sub.8 14 C.sub.30 .alpha.-olefin expoide or a C.sub.8 -C.sub.30 monocarboxylic acid in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:2, and oxidizing the mono- and bis- ethers or mono- and bis- esters formed to the sulfoxide or sulfone derivatives.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of reaction mixtures containing polyester polyols which have been obtained by ring opening of epoxidized esters with carboxylic acids, as polyol component, optionally in admixture with polybutadiene diol, in the production of solid polyurethane materials by casting.

Abstract: A friable sealing compound of a polyol component containing polyfunctional isocyanates, the polyol component being a mixture of ricinene oil and a predominantly hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene having an average molecular weight of 1,500 to 4,500 and/or a ring opening product of an epoxidized vegetable oil with unsaturated or saturated short-chain linear or branched C.sub.6-22 fatty acids.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of ester polyols by conducting the ring opening of epoxidized esters and/or alcohols with carboxylic acids by the controlled addition of the epoxidized compounds to the carboxylic acids wherein the carboxylic acids are present in at least stoichiometric quantities based on epoxide groups, to minimize unreacted epoxide groups and produce ester polyols having relatively low viscosities compared to those produced by the one-pot prior art process.

Abstract: Alkoxylation products of at least one of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide and at least one C.sub.10-22 carboxylic acid mono-, di-, or tri-glyceride which is of natural origin or is obtained from natural origin wherein in the 9, 10 position, the 13, 14 position, or in both positions of the carboxylic acid the following unit is present ##STR1## in which R is a hydrogen atom, an OH group or an OR.sup.1 group,R.sup.1 is a C.sub.9-18 alkyl group, a C.sub.9-18 alkenyl group or a ##STR2## group, and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-21 alkyl group or a C.sub.2-21 alkenyl group.The invention also relates to compositions containing the above alkoxylation products in place of alkoxylated castor oil normally present in the compositions, and to a process for preparing the alkoxylation products.

Abstract: According to the invention, wastepaper is refined in the presence of alkoxylation products obtainable by reaction of alkylene oxides with C.sub.10-22 carboxylic acid derivatives and/or C.sub.10-22 carboxylic acids containing carboxylic acid residues with at least one OH group in the 9, 10, 13 and/or 14 position and the detached printing ink particles are subsequently removed from the paper stock suspensions by flotation or washing.