Abstract: Blends of polyol and melamine for use in the manufacture of fire retardant polyurethane foams are stabilized by the addition of diethanolamine, ethanolamine, trihexylamine, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The oxidation process for the manufacture of aryl esters comprising contacting the reaction mixture of an aromatic hydrocarbon, a carboxylic acid and molecular oxygen in the liquid phase at an elevated temperature with a catalyst composed of palladium or a compound of palladium, a chromium compound and a compound of at least one member selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese, tin, cobalt and nickel is described.

Abstract: A process is described for the manufacture of aryl esters such as phenyl esters by liquid phase reaction of an aromatic compound such as benzene with molecular oxygen in the presence of a carboxylic acid preferably having 6 or more carbon atoms over a catalyst composed essentially of a compound of palladium, a compound of antimony and a compound of at least one member selected from the group consisting of chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron, and tin wherein the aromatic compound is added continuously to the reaction and water formed in the reaction is rapidly and continuously removed from the reaction zone.

Abstract: A catalytic homogeneous liquid phase process for effecting the acyloxylation of toluene to produce the corresponding benzylic ester. The catalyst system comprises Pd(II) and Pb(II) values wherein the palladous element component is associated with a catalytic amount of a tertiary phosphine as a complexed ligand. The indicated catalyst system uniquely facilitates the advantageous use of normally immiscible carboxylic acid reactants for carrying out the underlying benzylic oxidation reaction.

Abstract: A vapor phase process for the direct oxidation of a methyl benzene to the corresponding aldehyde derivative; e.g., conversion of toluene to benzaldehyde, wherein said oxidation is effected in the presence of a catalyst system consisting essentially of uranium and molybdenum oxides in combination with an oxide of lead, tin, zirconium, cadmium, antimony or nickel.

Abstract: Unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine is prepared by a process wherein aqueous 1,1-dimethylurea is initially reacted with a hypochlorite salt whereupon the resultant intermediate essentially in form of a N-chloro derivative of said urea is rearranged in accordance with the Hofmann reaction to yield the desired substituted hydrazine.

Abstract: Quaternary compounds having the structure ##STR1## are useful as fabric softeners.

Abstract: Urea is reacted with at least a onefold molar excess of dimethylamine in a substantially anhydrous system under pressure and temperature conditions adapted to produce unsymmetrical dimethylurea in essentially quantitative yields.