Abstract: An apparatus and method for enhancing toner charge level in a hybrid scavengeless development system. The system includes a housing defining a chamber storing a supply of developer material including toner; a toner donor member spaced from the surface and being adapted to transport toner to a region opposed from the surface; A mag roll conveys the developer material in the chamber of the housing onto a region of the donor member; A charging device ion charges the toner loaded on the region of the donor member; and an electrode member space near the surface of the donor member being electrically biased by a power supply to detach toner from the donor member as to form a toner cloud for developing the latent image.

Abstract: An apparatus for the preparation of a mixture of toner resin and a liquid colorant. The apparatus includes a toner extruder having the resin being conveyed therethrough and a colorant adder for adding the colorant to the toner resin in the toner extruder to form the toner mixture.

Abstract: A toner composition comprised of resin, pigment, and a nonionic fluorosurfactant charge enhancing additive.

Abstract: This invention is directed to negatively charged toner compositions, and developer compositions, the toner composition being comprised of resin particles, and pigment particles, and from about 0.1 to about 10 percent based on the weight of the resin particles, a ortho-halo pheny carboxylic acid charge enhancing additive of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is halogen, Y is hydrogen or halogen, and R is an alkylene group of from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, and n is the number zero (O) or 1; as well as to methods of utilizing such compositions in electrostatographic imaging systems, particularly those systems wherein colored images are produced.

Abstract: Disclosed are positive toners comprised of a toner resin, pigment or colorant, and as a charge inducing material, long chain hydrazinium compounds of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from hydrogen groups or hydrocarbon radicals containing from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms and A is an anion which in a preferred embodiment is selected from halides such as chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, sulphonate, phosphate, and nitrate. These toners, together with carrier materials can be used to develop images in electrophotographic systems.

Abstract: This invention is generally directed to a positively charged dry colored developer containing a resin, colored pigments, a single common carrier, and an alkyl pyridinium compound or the corresponding hydrate of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, and A is an anion, which in a preferred embodiment is selected from halides, sulfate, sulfonate, nitrate, borate, and phosphate. Examples of the colored pigments include magenta materials such as 2,9-dimethyl substituted quinacridones, while examples of cyan materials include copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanines, and examples of yellow pigments include permanent yellow FGL, Color Index pigment yellow 97 and diaryldide yellow 3,3-dichloro benzidene, aceto anilides. The preferred resin is a styrene/n-butylmethacrylate resin while the preferred carrier used in the developer composition is a steel coated carrier, wherein the coating is comprised of a polyvinylidene fluoride resin.

Abstract: Described is a process for the treatment of certain toner materials, useful in electrophotographic development, which process in one embodiment involves subjecting an electrically conductive toner material to an attrition process, thus causing the removal to a small portion of the surface of the toner while at the same time exposing the underlying inner portion. By preparing toners in accordance with this process the fusing temperature of the toner is lowered by at least 10.degree. F., thereby resulting in better fixing of the toner and higher quality images when such a toner is used as a developer.

Abstract: Toner compositions comprised of a toner resin, a colorant, or pigment and an alkyl morpholinium compound of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms and A is an anion which in a preferred embodiment is selected from halides such as chloride, bromide, or iodide, sulphate, sulphonate, phosphate or nitrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are positive toners comprised of a toner resin, a colorant, or pigment, and an alkyl picolinium compound selected from the group consisting of those represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein A is an anion which in a preferred embodiment is a halide such as chloride, bromide, or iodide, sulphate, sulphonate, phosphate and nitrate, and R is a hydrocarbon radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and preferably from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms. These toners when combined with carrier materials can be used as developers in electrophotographic systems.

Abstract: Disclosed are positive toners comprised of a toner resin, pigment or colorant, and as a charge inducing material, long chain hydrazinium compounds of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from hydrogen groups or hydrocarbon radicals containing from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms and A is an anion which in a preferred embodiment is selected from halides such as chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, sulphonate, phosphate, and nitrate. These toners, together with carrier materials can be used to develop images in electrophotographic systems.

Abstract: An electrostatographic developer mixture comprising finely-divided positively charging toner particles electrostatically clinging to negatively charging carrier particles. The toner particles comprise a resin, a colorant, and a charge inducing material selected from (1) a long chain hydrazinium compound and (2) an alkyl pyridinium compound. The carrier particles comprise core particles having a coating of fused thermoplastic resin particles wherein the carrier particles are prepared by dry-mixing the core particles with thermoplastic resin particles until the resin particles adhere to the core particles. The mixture of core and resin particles are heated to between 320.degree. F. and 650.degree. F. for between 20 and 120 minutes so that the resin particles melt and fuse to the core particles. The developer mixture is employed to develop electrostatic latent images.

Abstract: Toner compositions comprised of a toner resin, a colorant, or pigment and an alkyl morpholinium compound of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms and A is an anion which in a preferred embodiment is selected from halides such as chloride, bromide, or iodide, sulphate, sulphonate, phosphate or nitrate.

Abstract: This invention is directed to new electrophotographic, and magnetic toners, which are useful for example in high speed fusing systems, these toners being comprised of a polyamide resin, a pigment or colorant, which pigment or colorant may be magnetic and as an optional ingredient, a carrier material. The polyamide resin is of the formula ##STR1## wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are radicals independently selected from aliphatic, substituted aliphatic, aromatic, substituted aromatic, cycloaliphatic, and heterocyclic, x is a number of from 1 to about 100, and y is a number of from 1 to about 100. In one preferred embodiment the toner composition is comprised of the polyamide resin and a high loading, 50-75 percent of a magnetic material, allowing for high speed fusing in magnetic imaging systems.

Abstract: Disclosed are positive toners comprised of a toner resin, a colorant, or pigment, and an alkyl picolinium compound selected from the group consisting of those represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein A is an anion which in a preferred embodiment is a halide such as chloride, bromide, or iodide, sulphate, sulphonate, phosphate and nitrate, and R is a hydrocarbon radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and preferably from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms. These toners when combined with carrier materials can be used as developers in electrophotographic systems.

Abstract: A process of modification of magnetic toner for use in electrostatic development processes involving a magnetic toner without carrier is disclosed. The modified toner of the invention is effectively fused at lower temperatures. The toners of the invention are modified such that small portions of the surface are removed.

Abstract: A method of forming an imaging member consisting essentially of (a) preparing a photoconductive layer comprising a block copolymer which exhibits a lamellar morphology, said copolymer having lamellae of at least 2 phases, one phase comprising a photoconductive material and the other phase an elastomeric material, with said lamellae being disposed in a direction substantially normal to the horizontal plane of said layer and (b) placing said layer upon a conductive substrate.

Abstract: A photoconductive layer comprising a block copolymer which exhibits a lamellar morphology, said copolymer having lamellae of at least 2 phases, one phase comprising a photoconductive material and the other phase an elastomeric material, with said lamellae being disposed in a direction substantially normal to the horizontal plane of said layer. The method of making the block copolymer is also disclosed.