Abstract: This document describes techniques and apparatuses for a three-dimensional (3D) cleaning object for multi-print-head 3D printing. These techniques are capable of cleaning leftover material from an active or inactive print head using a 3D cleaning object. This cleaning object is printed along with the desired 3D object, with the cleaning object retaining leftover material that may otherwise become an undesirable artifact of the desired 3D object.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for three-dimensional (3D) camera positioning using a two-dimensional (2D) vanishing point grid. A vanishing point grid in a scene and initial camera parameters may be obtained. A new 3D camera may be calculated according to the vanishing point grid that places the grid as a ground plane in a scene. A 3D object may then be placed on the ground plane in the scene as defined by the 3D camera. The 3D object may be placed at the center of the vanishing point grid. Once placed, the 3D object can be moved to other locations on the ground plane or otherwise manipulated. The 3D object may be added as a layer in the image.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for generating curved extrusions. A user interface may be provided via which the value of one or more extrusion parameters and/or a reference point may be changed. An extrusion may be generated from an initial 2D object according to the set of extrusion parameters and/or the reference point.

Abstract: This document describes techniques and apparatuses for a three-dimensional (3D) cleaning object for multi-print-head 3D printing. These techniques are capable of cleaning leftover material from an active or inactive print head using a 3D cleaning object. This cleaning object is printed along with the desired 3D object, with the cleaning object retaining leftover material that may otherwise become an undesirable artifact of the desired 3D object.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for generating curved extrusions. A user interface may be provided via which the value of one or more extrusion parameters and/or a reference point may be changed. An extrusion may be generated from an initial 2D object according to the set of extrusion parameters and/or the reference point.

Abstract: 3D scenes may be rendered a resolution lower than a resolution associated with the resultant image. A graphics application or 3D editor may render the 3D artwork at a lower resolution while the user modifies or manipulates the 3D model from which the artwork is derived. In some embodiments, an image may include multiple image layers, each representing a portion of the overall finished image. Graphics programs generally associate a target resolution with an image. Rendering 3D artwork at high resolutions may take extra time and result in poor performance. Thus, in some embodiments, a graphics program may be configured to render 3D artwork at a lower resolution than the resultant image's target or associated resolution while a user is modifying the 3D model. Subsequently, after the user has completed manipulating the 3D model, the graphics program may render the 3D model again at the image's associated resolution.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for generating curved extrusions. A user interface may be provided via which the value of one or more extrusion parameters and/or a reference point may be changed. The extrusion parameters may include a depth parameter that controls the amount of extrusion, an X angle parameter that controls the angle of bend in the X direction, a Y angle parameter that controls the angle of bend in the Y direction, a scale parameter that controls the scale factor, and a twist parameter that controls the angle of extrusion twist. A weight function for changing one or more of the extrusion parameters non-uniformly along the sweep path may also be provided. An extrusion may be generated from an initial 2D object according to the set of extrusion parameters and the reference point.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer-readable storage medium are disclosed for distortion-based mask generation. A respective distortion metric may be determined at each location of a plurality of locations in a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object. The two-dimensional representation may be based on a view of the three-dimensional object. Each respective distortion metric may indicate a degree of distortion in a mapping between the respective location in the two-dimensional representation and a corresponding location in a surface texture of the three-dimensional object. The visual representation of the respective distortion metric at one or more of the plurality of locations may be displayed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for three-dimensional (3D) camera positioning using a two-dimensional (2D) vanishing point grid. A vanishing point grid in a scene and initial camera parameters may be obtained. A new 3D camera may be calculated according to the vanishing point grid that places the grid as a ground plane in a scene. A 3D object may then be placed on the ground plane in the scene as defined by the 3D camera. The 3D object may be placed at the center of the vanishing point grid. Once placed, the 3D object can be moved to other locations on the ground plane or otherwise manipulated. The 3D object may be added as a layer in the image.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer-readable storage medium for using a two dimensional image adjustment operations to modify a three dimensional object. A first representation of a three dimensional model may be rendered using three dimensional rendering effects. A second representation of the model may be rendered without using the three dimensional rendering effects. The first representation may be displayed. Input may be received to apply an image adjustment operation to the first representation. The image adjustment operation may be applied to the second representation. At least a portion of the first representation may be re-rendered using the three dimensional rendering effects. The modified first representation may be displayed.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer-readable storage medium for using a two dimensional image adjustment operations to modify a three dimensional object. A first representation of a three dimensional model may be rendered using three dimensional rendering effects. A second representation of the model may be rendered without using the three dimensional rendering effects. The first representation may be displayed. Input may be received to apply an image adjustment operation to the first representation. The image adjustment operation may be applied to the second representation. At least a portion of the first representation may be re-rendered using the three dimensional rendering effects. The modified first representation may be displayed.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer-readable storage medium are disclosed for distortion-based mask generation. A respective distortion metric may be determined at each location of a plurality of locations in a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object. The two-dimensional representation may be based on a view of the three-dimensional object. Each respective distortion metric may indicate a degree of distortion in a mapping between the respective location in the two-dimensional representation and a corresponding location in a surface texture of the three-dimensional object. The visual representation of the respective distortion metric at one or more of the plurality of locations may be displayed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for generating curved extrusions. A user interface may be provided via which the value of one or more extrusion parameters and/or a reference point may be changed. The extrusion parameters may include a depth parameter that controls the amount of extrusion, an X angle parameter that controls the angle of bend in the X direction, a Y angle parameter that controls the angle of bend in the Y direction, a scale parameter that controls the scale factor, and a twist parameter that controls the angle of extrusion twist. A weight function for changing one or more of the extrusion parameters non-uniformly along the sweep path may also be provided. An extrusion may be generated from an initial 2D object according to the set of extrusion parameters and the reference point.

Abstract: 3D scenes may be rendered a resolution lower than a resolution associated with the resultant image. A graphics application or 3D editor may render the 3D artwork at a lower resolution while the user modifies or manipulates the 3D model from which the artwork is derived. In some embodiments, an image may include multiple image layers, each representing a portion of the overall finished image. Graphics programs generally associate a target resolution with an image. Rendering 3D artwork at high resolutions may take extra time and result in poor performance. Thus, in some embodiments, a graphics program may be configured to render 3D artwork at a lower resolution than the resultant image's target or associated resolution while a user is modifying the 3D model. Subsequently, after the user has completed manipulating the 3D model, the graphics program may render the 3D model again at the image's associated resolution.

Abstract: Systems and methods for simulating watercolor painting effects in a graphics application may employ an ink dispersion model comprising three layers: surface, flow, and fixture. In response to input representing deposition of ink on paper having a given paper texture, a blocking parameter may be determined dependent on three texture channels of the given paper texture: paper grain, pinning, and absorption. The absorption channel may control absorption behavior of the paper. A noise texture applied onto the absorption channel may simulate uneven absorption across the paper. A lattice Bolztmann based simulation may model the dispersion of ink in the flow layer, and may be dependent on the blocking parameter, and on values of parameters for controlling ink and brush properties. The ink, brush, and paper texture parameter values may be user-configurable through a graphical user interface of the graphics application. An output image may be composited from the three layers.

Abstract: 3D artwork may be rendered in a tiled, raster environment without tiling to improve performance and response time. When an image includes 3D artwork, rendering the 3D artwork using multiple tiles may cause performance problems. Instead of rendering a 3D model using multiple tiles a graphic program may render a 3D model as a single tile. For example, rather than re-render a modified 3D model using multiple tiles after each user change, a graphic program may be configured to render the 3D model using a single tile. A graphics program may be configured to rendering a 3D model using a single tile while the user is modifying or manipulating the 3D model. After the user has finished manipulating the 3D model, the graphics program may then re-render the 3D model using multiple tiles.

Abstract: 3D scenes may be rendered a resolution lower than a resolution associated with the resultant image. A graphics application or 3D editor may render the 3D artwork at a lower resolution while the user modifies or manipulates the 3D model from which the artwork is derived. In some embodiments, an image may include multiple image layers, each representing a portion of the overall finished image. Graphics programs generally associate a target resolution with an image. Rendering 3D artwork at high resolutions may take extra time and result in poor performance. Thus, in some embodiments, a graphics program may be configured to render 3D artwork at a lower resolution than the resultant image's target or associated resolution while a user is modifying the 3D model. Subsequently, after the user has completed manipulating the 3D model, the graphics program may render the 3D model again at the image's associated resolution.