Abstract: The antioxidant eye drops is a topical ophthalmic formulation that contains four nutraceuticals (namely, astaxanthin, resveratrol, pyruvate and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)) having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chelating activity in a carbomer gel carrier. The active ingredients can reduce oxidative stress through free radical scavenging and chelating activity. The carrier is composed of a solution of deionized water containing about 0.4% Carbopol 980 NF, 5.7% sorbitol. 0.01% cetrimide, 0.01% EDTA, and sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide in adequate amounts to adjust both the viscosity and the pH of the topical carrier to pH 7.0-7.4. Use of the formulation may delay the development of cataracts, reduce retinal degeneration, and maintain normal tear flow in dry eye due to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chelating activity of the active ingredients.

Abstract: The neuroprotective multifunctional antioxidants are compounds that contain a 2-diacetylamino-5-hydroxypyrimidine moiety, having the structural formula: wherein R1 is CH2 or C2H4; R2 is H or —OR4 where R4 is H or aryl; and R3a and R3b are independently selected from the group consisting of H and —O-alkyl. The antioxidants are orally bioavailable metal-attenuating multifunctional antioxidants that can independently attenuate transition metals, as well as scavenger free radicals. The multifunctional antioxidant compounds, by their ability to independently chelate metals, such as Fe, Cu or Zn, and scavenge free radicals generated from different sources, are neuroprotective and are beneficial for the treatment of various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ALS, traumatic brain injury, ocular disorders, such as cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and other retinal degeneration, as well as for reducing the progression of diabetic complications.

Abstract: The neuroprotective multifunctional antioxidants are compounds that contain a 2-diacetylamino-5-hydroxypyrimidine moiety, having the structural formula: wherein R1 is CH2 or C2H4; R2 is H or —OR4 where R4 is H or aryl; and R3a and R3b are independently selected from the group consisting of H and —O-alkyl. The antioxidants are orally bioavailable metal-attenuating multifunctional antioxidants that can independently attenuate transition metals, as well as scavenger free radicals. The multifunctional antioxidant compounds, by their ability to independently chelate metals, such as Fe, Cu or Zn, and scavenge free radicals generated from different sources, are neuroprotective and are beneficial for the treatment of various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ALS, traumatic brain injury, ocular disorders, such as cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and other retinal degeneration, as well as for reducing the progression of diabetic complications.

Abstract: Compositions comprising multifunctional agents and methods of use thereof are provided. Particularly, a series of analogs of 1-N, N?-dimethylsulfamoyl-4-(2-pyrimidyl)piperazine are provided which are useful for treating and/or preventing cataract, macular degeneration, neurodegenerative disorders, and/or injury or symptoms associated with radiation exposure.

Abstract: The topical treatment of cataracts in dogs is a composition having an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) in a topical carrier. The ARI is preferably 2R,4S-6-fluoro-2-methyl-spiro[chroman-4,4?-imidazolidine]-2?,5?-dione, referred to as 2R-methyl sorbinil, having the structure: The topical carrier is formed from EDTA and deionized water containing about 2.5% carbomer, 1.5% glycerin, 0.02% EDTA and 0.1% benzalkonium chloride mixed to form a uniform emulsion. The concentration of the ARI in the topical carrier is preferably about 5-6%. The treatment includes administering to a dog an effective amount of the composition for preventing the formation of cataracts, reversing the formation of cataracts, and for treating diabetic retinopathy and pathological conditions resulting from diabetes affecting the cornea, iris, ciliary bodies, etc. The composition is preferably administered in the form of about two to four eye drops daily.

Abstract: The periodontitis treatment is a method for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis in mammals, including humans and dogs. The mammal may be diabetic or non-diabetic. the method includes the step of administering an effective amount of an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI). The ARI may be (i) a phenolic derivative, such as quercetin, quercitrin (a 3-oxy-glucose analog of quercetin), rutin, and other polyphenols or bioflavonoids exhibiting an ARI effect; (ii) an acetic acid derivative, such as tolrestat, ponalrestat, etc.; (iii) a cyclic imide (or hydantoin), such as sorbinil, 2-methyl sorbinil, imirestat, etc.; and (iv) one of the phenylsulfonyinitromethtane derivatives, such as ZD-5522. In particular embodiments, the method may include, e.g., administering a diet containing about 0.08% quercetin (about 80 mg/kg/day), about 0.0125% imirestat (about 12 mg/kg/day), or about 0.015% tolrestat (about 20 mg/kg/day).

Abstract: Compositions comprising multifunctional agents and methods of use thereof are provided.

Abstract: The topical treatment of cataracts in dogs is a composition having an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) in a topical carrier. The ARI is preferably 2R,4S-6-fluoro-2-methyl-spiro[chroman-4,4?-imidazolidine]-2?,5?-dione, referred to as 2R-methyl sorbinil, having the structure: The topical carrier is formed from EDTA and deionized water containing about 2.5% carbomer, 1.5% glycerin, 0.02% EDTA and 0.1% benzalkonium chloride mixed to form a uniform emulsion. The concentration of the ARI in the topical carrier is preferably about 5-6%. The treatment includes administering to a dog an effective amount of the composition for preventing the formation of cataracts, reversing the formation of cataracts, and for treating diabetic retinopathy and pathological conditions resulting from diabetes affecting the cornea, iris, ciliary bodies, etc. The composition is preferably administered in the form of about two to four eye drops daily.

Abstract: An intrinsic aldose reductase inhibitor is isolated and purified from mammalian cells, such as rat or human kidney cells. The intrinsic aldose reductase inhibitor may be incorporated into pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of certain conditions related to diabetes.

Abstract: An intrinsic aldose reductase inhibitor is isolated and purified from mammalian cells, such as rat or human kidney cells. The intrinsic aldose reductase inhibitor may be incorporated into pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of certain conditions related to diabetes.

Abstract: An intrinsic aldose reductase inhibitor is isolated and purified from mammalian cells, such as rat or human kidney cells. The intrinsic aldose reductase inhibitor may be incorporated into pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of certain conditions related to diabetes.