Abstract: A monitoring and control apparatus for flowing mercury electrolytic cells by measurement of the voltage drop in the shunted feed line of each electrode group comprising taps at the ends of a measured section of electrical bus bars for each electrode group electrically connected to a measuring means whereby the measured voltage drop is fed as an amplified signal to the measuring means, a control means set for a value from the total cell current divided by the number of taps comparing the actual measured values at various feed lines and a signal means activated when a set excess current is exceeded and to actuate the adjusters for a group of electrodes to lift the electrodes stepwise by an adjustable amount until excess current is not measured by comparison indicating that the feed line is no longer overloaded and a method of monitoring electric current in a mercury cell.

Abstract: A compact electrolytic cell with direct through-flow comprises an electrode stack formed as a cartridge unit which is readily exchangeable into and out of a housing which is made of commercially available plastic tubing materials. The cell can be adapted to meet a wide range of application requirements by the variation of parameters such as salt concentration, flow rate, etc.

Abstract: A composite electrode comprising an electroconductive base with an electrolyte inert, electroconductive electrocatalytic layer applied by thermal spraying, the said layer being a powder of a matrix material selected from the group consisting of oxides, nitrides, phosphides, silicides, borides and carbides of a metal selected from the group consisting of boron, valve metals and iron group metals having uniformly deposited thereon electrocatalytically active particles of a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum group metals and iron group metals and oxides thereof with a particle size smaller by at least one order of magnitude of the matrix particles and electrolytic cells containing the same and electrolytic processes using the same.

Abstract: A roto-gravure printing base cylinder is made by providing a cylindrical body (1), for example of steel, and applying thereover a cover layer (2) by thermal spraying, for example plasma-spraying, or arc-spraying. The cover layer is made of a material which is inert with respect to electrolytes used in applying a further copper layer over the cover layer to form a finished roto-gravure cylinder for optical engraving, for example an electrochemical valve metal, preferably tantalum, niobium or, most desirably, titanium oxide, forming a matrix in which, before application of the material as a layer on the steel cylinder, electrochemically active materials are applied made of a metal, preferably of the platinum group or other noble metal, and uniformly distributed over the surface, settled on the matrix material.

Abstract: This invention relates to electrodes for electrolytic cells. More particularly, this invention relates to electrodes for an electrolytic cell comprising:(a) means for supplying electric current;(b) a main current distributor;(c) rectangular-sectioned conductors having flat activated electrode faces and arranged standing upright, the ratio of the width to height of a cross-section being from about 1:5 to about 2:3; and(d) flat, rectangular-sectioned current distributors arranged perpendicularly to the conductors (c) and spaced from about 30 to about 150 mm apart, the ratio of the width to height of a cross-section being smaller than that for the cross-section of conductors (c), the ratio of free passage area to projected area in the zone of the conductors (c) being from about 20:30 to about 60:80 and conductors (c) being connected to current distributors (d), which are in turn connected to main current distributor (b).

Abstract: A novel method of renewing electrode surfaces of metal electrodes with elongated supporting riser with at least the surface thereof being comprised of a valve metal or valve metal alloy supporting a generally planar electrode member with an electrocatalytic coating thereon.