Abstract: A target structure for generation of x-ray radiation may include a heat sink; and a target element for electrons to strike, the target element being in the heat sink to cool the target element, wherein the heat sink includes a metal-diamond composite material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling a lighting system, the lighting system being arranged as a wireless network comprising a controller and a plurality of operating nodes arranged to communicate with each other, wherein the method comprises the steps of synchronizing the operating nodes with the controller, determining, from the plurality of operating nodes, a set of operating nodes that are located within a predetermined operating area, estimating a state-shift delay based on a maximum communication delay between the controller and the set of operating nodes located within the predetermined operating area, communicating the estimated state-shift delay to the plurality of operating nodes, and communicating a state-shift command to the plurality of operating nodes.

Abstract: The device for producing the packaging comprises a unit for producing blister packs, a unit for producing the packaging containers, a transfer device for transferring the blister packs in the packaging containers, a sealing station for the packaging containers, and preferably also a stamp, all of which are arranged in a single machine. The packaging for tablets thus manufactured has a packaging container and several blister packs, which are loosely accommodated in a holding section of the packaging container, and the holding section is sealed by a lidding sheet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a clock supervision unit (100) and an electronic system clocked by at least one clock (c*) and using the clock supervision unit (100). The clock supervision unit (100) analyzes the at least one clock (c*) based on a monitor clock (m*) provided together with the at least one clock (c*) or separately to the clock supervision unit (100). The clock supervision unit (100) at least comprises an activity unit (210), a deviation unit (220) and an auxiliary clock generator (240). The auxiliary clock generator (240) outputs an auxiliary clock (a*). The activity unit (210) detects the presence of the monitor clock (m*) based on the auxiliary clock (a*) and the presence of the auxiliary clock (a*) based on the monitor clock (m*). The deviation unit (220) detects clock faults in the monitor clock (m*) based on the auxiliary clock (a*).

Abstract: To provide a method of transmitting messages, using a transmission protocol having time-slots, that allows the messages to be transmitted in a flexible way, it is proposed that each message has a message identifier assigned to it, that the messages are placed in order in a queue, and that the queue has a set of slot identifiers assigned to it.

Abstract: The invention relates to a time triggered network used in particular in an automotive network having a plurality of clusters. Each cluster (A-X) includes a plurality of nodes (11).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for analyzing building auditing information to identify irregular usage patterns and incorrect audit information. The auditing information, such as energy consumption, is analyzed using presence information at room or zone level. Based on pre-selected expectations, clustering is applied to data sets. By using different criteria, the clustering results are examined within every cluster and among clusters to find irregular information. Furthermore, through cross-checking with other background information, irregular usage pattern can be found and incorrect audit information can be identified, so that succeeding energy prediction and decision-support algorithms can work on a reliable set of profiles.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical energy distribution apparatus (1) for distributing electrical energy within an arrangement of electrical devices (3 to 7, 11). Assignments between priority classes and at least some of the electrical devices (3 to 7) are provided and distribution control information for controlling the distribution of electrical energy within the arrangement of the electrical devices (3 to 7, 11) is received. A distribution rules determination unit (9) determines distribution rules depending on the received distribution control information and the provided assignments, and an electrical energy distributor (10) distributes the electrical energy within the arrangement of electrical devices (3 to 7, 11) depending on the determined distribution rules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a node in distributed communication system operating under a time triggered protocol, further it relates to distributed communication system and to a monitoring device coupled to such node of a communication system.

Abstract: A system and method for providing fault detection capability is provided which comprises a first node (2). The first node (2) comprises a first processing subsystem (5) generating data (14) to be transmitted. The first node (2) has a fault supervisor unit (13) adapted to gather and process fault indications arising in the first node (2). The first processing subsystem (5) and the fault supervisor unit are both integrated in the first node (2). The first node (2) is structured such that, when no fault indications are detected by the fault supervisor unit (13), the fault supervisor unit (13) provides a first key (15) as a validity key, and, when at least one fault indication is detected by the fault supervisor unit (13), the fault supervisor unit (13) provides a second key (16) as the validity key, and the data (14) to be transmitted are encrypted by overlaying the respective validity key (15; 16) on the data.

Abstract: A network node (1) with a communication unit (2), which is provided for the implementation of a communication protocol for the purpose of communication with other network nodes via a communication medium (5), and with a bus monitor (3), which, mutually independently, each implement an access time schedule contained in a configuration data record, and which each make available, in accordance with the access time schedule, a release signal for a bus driver (4) provided in the network node (1), which evaluates these two signals and, in the event that the two release signals do not coincide, blocks the access of the network node (1) to the communication medium (5).

Abstract: A system (100) for controlling a plurality of light sources (104a-f) by means of light groups, wherein each light group synchronously controls a subset of the plurality of light sources. The system (100) comprises: a central controller (102); a plurality of light sources (104a-f) wired to the central controller (102); and a light sensor (106a-c) wired to the central controller (102). The central controller (102) is configured to: receive a measurement signal from the light sensor; based on the received measurement signal, determine a subset of light sources that are in optical contact with the light sensor; and include the subset of light sources in a light group associated with the light sensor.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for the monitoring and management of data traffic in a communication system with several communication nodes which communicate via interfaces monitored by a bus monitor, comprising the following steps: a) provision of a predefined communication time schedule for all communication nodes, b) initialization of the bus monitor, c) synchronization of the communication time schedule of the bus monitor with the predefined communication time schedule executed by the communication nodes in a distributed arrangement, the synchronization taking place on the basis of activities observed at the interfaces, d) monitoring of the activities of the communication nodes by the bus monitor, e) comparison of the activities with the predefined communication time schedule, and f) deactivation of the interface for any communication node for which an activity not compatible with the predefined communication time schedule has been detected. A circuit arrangement and its use are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling a lighting system, the lighting system being arranged as a wireless network comprising a controller and a plurality of operating nodes arranged to communicate with each other, wherein the method comprises the steps of synchronizing the operating nodes with the controller, determining, from the plurality of operating nodes, a set of operating nodes that are located within a predetermined operating area, estimating a state-shift delay based on a maximum communication delay between the controller and the set of operating nodes located within the predetermined operating area, communicating the estimated state-shift delay to the plurality of operating nodes, and communicating a state-shift command to the plurality of operating nodes.

Abstract: A system and method for providing fault detection capability is provided which comprises a first node (2). The first node (2) comprises a first processing subsystem (5) generating data (14) to be transmitted. The first node (2) has a fault supervisor unit (13) adapted to gather and process fault indications arising in the first node (2). The first processing subsystem (5) and the fault supervisor unit are both integrated in the first node (2). The first node (2) is structured such that, when no fault indications are detected by the fault supervisor unit (13), the fault supervisor unit (13) provides a first key (15) as a validity key, and, when at least one fault indication is detected by the fault supervisor unit (13), the fault supervisor unit (13) provides a second key (16) as the validity key, and the data (14) to be transmitted are encrypted by overlaying the respective validity key (15; 16) on the data.

Abstract: Receiver for receiving a data stream via a data bus, which receiver samples the bits of the data stream in an over-sampling process, in which n bit strobe offsets are used and n data sets with i bits are sampled,—applies a decision criterion for identifying those data sets with correct bit values. This decision uses checksum CRC,—selects one of the identified data sets with correct bit values and—uses the bit strobe offset, which was used for receiving the selected data streams, for receiving the data stream. In this way the multiphase clock with optimal phase shifts is selected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for providing fault tolerance for at least one micro controller unit, hereinafter called MCU (10). The MCU receives information from at least one sensor (11) coupled to the MCU (10) and outputs information to at least one actuator (12) coupled to the MCU (10). To provide a system for controlling or influencing the fault tolerance or the error processing of at least one MCU without requiring a replication of software or hardware components and which is able to react differently on various events it is proposed to include a System Supervision unit (200), hereinafter called SSU (200), in the MCU (10).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a clock supervision unit (100) and an electronic system clocked by at least one clock (c*) and using the clock supervision unit (100). The clock supervision unit (100) analyzes the at least one clock (c*) based on a monitor clock (m*) provided together with the at least one clock (c*) or separately to the clock supervision unit (100). The clock supervision unit (100) at least comprises an activity unit (210), a deviation unit (220) and an auxiliary clock generator (240). The auxiliary clock generator (240) outputs an auxiliary clock (a*). The activity unit (210) detects the presence of the monitor clock (m*) based on the auxiliary clock (a*) and the presence of the auxiliary clock (a*) based on the monitor clock (m*). The deviation unit (220) detects clock faults in the monitor clock (m*) based on the auxiliary clock (a*).

Abstract: A time-triggered communication system in a dual-channel network of singlechannel architecture, wherein in each case one communication controller (2, 6) is assigned to one channel, and two corresponding communication controllers (2, 6) communicate with one another via an inter-channel interface (1a, 1b). Said inter-channel communication contains information about limiting points (G1, G2 . . . G12) of a time path. A limiting point (G1, G2 . . . G12) is, for example, the point in time when a cycle starts. The interchange of limiting points enables the temporal offset of the two channels to be determined as well as a correction value. After every two cycles also the rate error of the local clocks can be ascertained and a suitable correction value determined. The reliability of safety-relevant networks is increased by the time-triggered communication system described hereinabove.

Abstract: A message memory (1) with a flexible association between the message-object memories of the message memory (2) and the segments of a physical memory (3). The association is made through configuration, wherein one or more memory segments form a cluster as a function of the length of the message content to be stored.