Abstract: An anode for an energy storage device includes a current collector having an electrically conductive layer and a surface layer disposed over and in contact with the electrically conductive layer. The surface layer may include a transition metallate other than chromate. A lithium storage layer overlays and is in contact with the surface layer. The lithium storage layer may have an average thickness of at least 1 ?m, includes at least 40 atomic % silicon, germanium, or a combination thereof, and is substantially free of carbon-based binders. The lithium storage layer may be a continuous porous lithium storage layer.

Abstract: A method of detecting a marine gas seep that includes: deploying a local probe on or near the seafloor; producing bubbles in water near or within the local probe; detecting the bubbles; producing data indicating the relative concentration of dissolved gas in the water; and associating elevated dissolved gas concentrations with the presence of a nearby marine gas seep. Another aspect of the invention involves an apparatus configured to carry out the inventive method. Preferred embodiments of the invention utilize an ultrasonic transducer to both produce bubbles and detect them.

Abstract: A method of detecting a marine gas seep that includes: deploying a local probe on or near the seafloor; producing bubbles in water near or within the local probe; detecting the bubbles; producing data indicating the relative concentration of dissolved gas in the water; and associating elevated dissolved gas concentrations with the presence of a nearby marine gas seep. Another aspect of the invention involves an apparatus configured to carry out the inventive method. Preferred embodiments of the invention utilize an ultrasonic transducer to both produce bubbles and detect them.