Abstract: A method for determining a temperature of a fluid flowing through a pipe section includes: determining a temperature of the pipe section; obtaining a reference temperature at a distance from a surface of the pipe section; determining a heat transfer behaviour, in particular a thermal resistance, of a boundary layer of the fluid on an inner wall of the pipe section based on at least one material property and/or at least one value of a state variable of the fluid; and determining the temperature of the fluid based on the heat transfer behaviour of the boundary layer, a heat transfer behavior, in particular a thermal resistance, of the pipe section, the temperature of the pipe section, and the reference temperature.

Abstract: Ultrasonically bonded laminated absorbent products comprising a liquid permeable top sheet, a liquid impermeable back sheet, an absorbent core positioned between the liquid permeable top sheet and the liquid impermeable back sheet, and an adhesive composition are disclosed. The laminated structure further comprising an embossed pattern stamped onto the liquid permeable top sheet, the liquid impermeable back sheet, the absorbent core, or any combination thereof. The adhesive composition comprises a mixture of atactic and isotactic polymers such that it has melt and flow characteristics similar to those of the topsheet and backsheet.

Abstract: An individually wrapped absorbent article package includes an absorbent article placed in a wrapper material folded into a pouch. The pouch may have an opening flap. The wrapper material includes a nonwoven material in at least a border region thereof such that upon the wrapper material being folded into the pouch, portions of the border region of nonwoven material are facing and define a seal zone along sides of the pouch. A frangible seal is formed in the seal zone between the facing borders of nonwoven material. The seal has a seal strength of between about 20 grams-force and about 60 grams-force and an opening noise level of less than about 60 db.

Abstract: Siderophore-photosensitizer conjugates, their synthesis and use in photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PACT) is disclosed. The advantage of this method is improvement of photodynamic antimicrobial therapy against, for example, pathogenic micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi. Naturally occurring and synthetically available siderophore structures are conjugated chemically with photoactive compounds such as Chlorin e6 to improve their penetration into bacterial cells and to increase antibacterial efficacy of photosensitizers via microbial proteins that recognize and transport iron-loaded siderophores. In this way, photosensitizers can be transported inside bacteria that otherwise could not cross the cell wall and membranes. Photodynamic activation of photosensitizers inside the cells of pathogenic microbes enables a more effective inhibition of cellular functions than application at the outer side of the cells.

Abstract: In order to protect a cup-seal non-return valve (1) against permanent deformation, it is suggested to provide radial supporting walls (15) between the cylindrical inner wall (10)* (*translator's note: the correct reference numeral is `14`) and the sealing lip (13). Preferably, three supporting walls (15), roughly 1 mm thick, are provided because both the natural stability and the valve function are safeguarded this way.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a controllable expiration valve having a control valve for generating an end expiratory overpressure with the control valve providing the changeable control pressure. The expiration valve is improved so that it is made controllable for compensating dynamic end expiratory overpressure. For this purpose, the membrane chamber of the expiration valve as well as the outflow chamber of the control valve are connected with a device for generating an underpressure.

Abstract: A pressure control valve is disclosed including a housing, a valve seat, a valve closure member in the form of a ball loaded by a valve spring in a closing direction and controlling the communication between an inlet and an outlet of a pressure medium. So as to provide a pressure control valve which is simple in construction and low-cost manufacture and which is characterized by minimal noise formation a spring loaded guide element at least partially surrounds the valve closure member and axially and radially guides the valve ball, acted upon by a second spring.

Abstract: A pressurized dispensing container for viscous and liquid materials comprises an outer container body, an inner container body and a container closure member secured on both the inner and outer container bodies. A container valve is located on the closure member for dispensing material from the container. A cap provided on the container has a discharge opening therein. The container valve is formed with and integral valve spout which extends from the container valve to the cap and which carries a discharge opening valve for opening and closing the discharge opening of the cap. An actuator lever arm for actuating the container valve is formed integrally with the container closure member to permit actuating the container valve. A locking mechanism for the container comprises a resilient tab which is provided on the cap for selective cooperation with an actuator button carried by the actuator lever arm to releasably lock the button against movement to prevent actuation of the container valve.

Abstract: A ventilating system includes a high frequency controlled breathing gas source in HFJV operation, wherein the exhaled gas is removed through an outlet line through which a flush gas is conducted, is improved to permit a determination, under high frequency ventilation, of both the final expiratory CO.sub.2 concentration and the basic pressure building up in the lungs (the lung-internal PEEP). To this end, the control device is in addition connected to a flush gas valve provided upstream of the breathing gas supply device, and designed to intercalate a measuring interval after a sequence of breathing gas pulses, during which interval the breathing gas valve and the flush gas valve are closed. A system of measuring the breathing gas valves is provided in the outlet line and it is actuated during the measuring interval to perform the measuring operation.

Abstract: An attachment for the breathing gas supply during a high-frequency artificial respiration is connected to a ring conduit part in which the ventilation gas circulates. The attachment also comprises a patient connection part and a flow part connecting ring conduit part and patient part together. The parts are connected to each other by snap arms or rings. An injector nozzle and an ejector nozzle are mounted in the respective front walls of ring conduit part and patient connection part, in alignment with the apertures of the flow part which are designed as a collecting nozzle. The parts are sealed with each other by rings.