Abstract: A method of measuring oxygen-containing nitrogen components including nitrogen dioxide in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, wherein an exhaust gas sample is taken from a removal point 10 at the exhaust gas pipe 1 and is guided to at least one measuring instrument by means of a removal line, wherein, for the purpose of measuring the oxygen-containing nitrogen components, there are provided a separate removal point 10 and a removal line 11 and that the exhaust gas sample for measuring the oxygen-containing nitrogen components is set to a temperature at which a reaction between the nitrogen dioxide and soot is low.

Abstract: A method of measuring oxygen-containing nitrogen components including nitrogen dioxide in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, wherein an exhaust gas sample is taken from a removal point 10 at the exhaust gas pipe 1 and is guided to at least one measuring instrument by means of a removal line, wherein, for the purpose of measuring the oxygen-containing nitrogen components, there are provided a separate removal point 10 and a removal line 11 and that the exhaust gas sample for measuring the oxygen-containing nitrogen components is set to a temperature at which a reaction between the nitrogen dioxide and soot is low.

Abstract: Control means are provided for an apparatus for cross-winding packages of textile yarn or the like. The control means includes means operable during at least a portion of the rotation of the package at the selected rotational speed for increasing the relative frequency of traverse of the yarn guide means with respect to the selected rotational speed to a ratio less than the ratio of the rotational speed to the relative frequency of traverse prior to rotation at the selected rotational speed. The control means can gradually increase the relative frequency during operation at the selected rotational speed so that the ratio of the rotational speed to the relative frequency of traverse of the yarn guide means gradually decreases from the ratio of the rotational speed to the relative frequency of traverse at the beginning of rotation at the selected rotational speed.

Abstract: Control means in an apparatus for cross-winding packages of textile yarn or the like is provided and includes means operable during at least a portion of the high speed or accelerating rotation for increasing the relative frequency of traverse of the traversing yarn guide means with respect to the rotational winding speed of the package from a frequency at which the ratio of the rotational winding speed to the relative frequency of traverse is greater than the ratio of the selected rotational winding speed and the related selected frequency of traverse. The control means can gradually increase the relative frequency during the high speed or accelerating rotation so that at least before the end of the high speed or accelerating rotation, the ratio of the rotational winding speed to the relative frequency of traverse of the yarn guide means is approximately the same as the ratio of the selected rotational winding speed and the related selected frequency.