Abstract: The invention relates to a device for acquiring images of a surface (12) with different spatial resolution, the device including a camera (16) having an optical system (18) that can be focused onto the surface, a mechanical system (20) which is designed to vary the distance between the camera (16) and the surface (12) and wherein the optical system (18) includes a liquid lens (26) having an electronically adjustable focal length.

Abstract: The focus of an optical system (20) can be determined in a reliable and accurate way by arranging a first and second test object (62,64) having a periodic structure at different sides of the focal plane (66) of the optical system and determining the difference in modulation depth of the images formed on different areas (32,34) of a radiation-sensitive detection system (30).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an analysis apparatus, in particular a spectroscopic analysis apparatus, for analyzing an object, such as blood of a patient, and a corresponding analysis method. To aim the confocal detection volume inside a blood vessel orthogonal polarized spectral imaging (OPSI) is used to locate blood capillaries in the skin. An imaging system (img) with slightly shifted imaging planes (i1, i2) for OPS imaging of blood vessels is proposed to provide auto-focusing. The confocal Raman detection plane (dp) is located in between these two imaging planes (i1, i2). Based on measured amount of defocus for the imaging planes (i1, i2), the focusing of the imaging system (img), the excitation system (exs) for exciting the target region and the detection system (dsy) are adjusted such that the difference of the amount of defocus equals a predetermined amount so that the confocal detection plane (dp) is located inside the blood vessel (V).

Abstract: To enable differentiation between a particle and a ghost particle, a detector system resolves radiation from a ghost particle from radiation from an actual particle. The detector system outputs at least two detector signals corresponding to intensities of radiation being incident on different parts of the detector system or the detector system outputs at least two detector signals corresponding to intensities of radiation with different wavelengths being incident on the detector system. If radiation is received from a ghost particle, not each of the at least two detector signals has a level above a predetermined threshold level, whereas radiation received from a particle results in the signals having substantially a same level above a threshold level.

Abstract: To enable differentiation between a particle and a ghost particle, a detector system is presented. The detector system is configured to output at least two detector signals corresponding to an intensity of radiation being incident on the detector system. If radiation is received from a ghost particle, not all of the at least two detector signals has a level above a predetermined threshold level, whereas radiation received from a contaminating particle results in all signals having a level above a threshold level. Thus, it may be determined with a high accuracy whether a particle or a ghost particle is redirecting radiation towards the detector system.

Abstract: Machine (1) comprising a placement element (7) connected to an imaging device (6), and comprising an optical system (4) for detecting the position of a component (16) relative to the placement element (7) by means of the imaging device (6). The optical system (4) comprises at least one marking element (11). The marking element (11) and the component (16) can be displayed simultaneously by means of the optical system (4) in an image (17) to be made by means of the imaging device (6).

Abstract: The invention is directed to a frequency-doubling solid state laser having pump light sources at opposite ends thereof. A folding and out-coupling mirror is antireflection coated on both sides with respect to the wavelength of the light generated by the pump light sources. The pump light sources include a total of four laser diodes with each laser diode generating 3 Watts of light power. An output power at 532 nm is obtained using a Nd:YAG laser rod and a frequency-doubling crystal made of potassium titanyl phosphate. The folding angle defined by the folding and out-coupling mirror is in the range of 10.degree. to 60.degree. and is typically 50.degree..

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for operating a laser diode. A two-stage stabilization circuit is provided for stabilizing the wavelength of a laser diode to exactly defined values for its use in distance measuring interferometers. In addition to presetting the operating parameters of current and temperature of the laser diode, the emitted wavelength of the laser diode is controlled to a predetermined transmission maximum of a Fabry-Perot interferometer. At switch-on, a control program can be called up and compute new values for the operating parameters premised on the last measured values of the operating parameters and initially determined and stored coefficients. In this way, the program always reliably sets the wavelength of the laser diode to the same transmission maximum.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an ophthalmologic apparatus which includes a laser module which permits microsurgery with pulsed radiation as well as coagulation therapy by means of continuous-wave radiation.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a solid state laser wherein the pump sources are connected with holding parts and can be seated into a predetermined and reproducible position with mechanical guides and stops. In this way, an exchange of the pump sources is possible without a new adjustment or a readjustment.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a cooling arrangement for a semiconductor pump source which develops heat during operation. The cooling arrrangement includes a heat sink defining a seat for accommodating the pump source thereon and a cooling channel is formed in the heat sink for conducting a coolant therethrough to remove a major portion of the heat. A Peltier device is connected to the heat sink for finely controlling the temperature of the heat sink so as to permit the semiconductor pump source to emit radiation having a predetermined optional wavelength.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an electric plug connector having a cooled connector component on a consumer where an intense heat is generated. The plug connector includes a movable connector component having a flexible supply line and both connector components are configured with heat-contact surfaces which define a low heat resistance when in contact with each other. In the movable connector component, at least one electrical line part is connected to a part made of a good insulating and heat-conductive material. The flow of heat to the heat-contact surface of the movable connector component takes place through this part made of insulating and good heat-conductive material.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a laser arrangement for converting frequency wherein the fundamental frequency or the converted frequency can be selectively emitted by means of an optical element which can be pivoted into and out of the beam path. An especially slim configuration of the overall arrangement is obtained with the aid of an additional deflection element.

Abstract: The device comprises an HeNe laser (1), which emits on a wavelength of 633 nm and a second laser (5) emitting in the near-infrared range. This second laser (5) has a continuous-wave operation and emits radiation in the 800-870 mn wavelength range, preferably on an 840 nm wavelength. An optical system (14, 15) serves to widen the beams of the two lasers (1, 5) which follow the same beam path. This system (14, 15) allows continuous adjustment of the size of the field irradiated up to a maximum diameter of the order of 30 mm. For beam switching between the lasers (1, 5) and the beam outlet opening of the device, a mirror system (11, 18) is provided which comprises an outer mirror rotatable around two axes for positioning the irradiation field.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for correcting the position of a laser beam guided by means of an articulated optical system. This system includes a position-sensitive detector at its output end for generating a signal which is passed to an adjustable mirror arranged on the input end. The adjustable mirror compensates for an excursion of the laser beam occurring as a result of faults in the guide means and bearings of the articulated arm. Prior to entering the articulated optical system, the laser beam or parallelly guided pilot beam is modulated with respect to the beam direction with a small amplitude by another adjustable mirror. The detector signal component corresponding to the modulation frequency is passed to an electronic circuit which determines the directional relationships between the excursion of the laser beam at the output of the articulated arm and the follow-up movement of the adjustable mirror for deflecting the beam.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for compensating for offset and angular errors of a laser coupled into a processing machine or measuring machine. The laser is mounted separately from the machine. The arrangement includes two adjustable mirrors by means of which the beam position at the coupling point is maintained constant. The corrective signal is generated by quadrant detectors cooperating with the adjustable mirrors arranged in the path of the laser beam. The detectors are arranged to receive rays of light diverted from the path of the laser beam. One of the detectors is preceded by a collimator causing the detector to respond only to angular errors.

Abstract: A manipulator is provided for a surgical microscope in order to deflect a laser beam on the viewed operating area, the movement of a handle being transmitted via a lever mechanism to the movement of a mirror which reflects the laser beam to a point and via a path within the viewed operating area. The sensitivity of transmitted motion can be adapted to the selected magnification of the surgical microscope by changing the length of a transmission lever in order to change its point of motion pick-off from the handle.