Abstract: A material feeding apparatus and method for providing a controlled feed of material. In particular, there is described a material feeding control apparatus and method comprising a feed rate measurement device capable of providing an online mass and/or volume flow measurement of material and a material sensing device capable of providing an online content (e.g. composition) measurement of the material. The material being fed may, for example, be any suitable bulk material including fuel for a combustion chamber (e.g. a furnace), mined materials such as iron ore and food in a food feeding system. A particular example of the present invention is the provision of a fuel feeding apparatus capable of providing substantially stable combustion in a combustion chamber (e.g. a furnace) which may be incorporated into a cement production line.

Abstract: The object to create a system and a method which allows better running gear diagnosis of rail vehicles is achieved by the present invention by arranging a number of force measurement devices on the rail measurement zone to detect the forces and/or torques acting on the rail measurement zone, such that the system also comprises a number of sonic measurement devices for detecting the sound waves which occur when the rail vehicle travels over the rail measurement zone. The present invention thus offers a diagnostic system for analysis of the condition of wheel bearings and wheel geometries in particular in which the forces and sound waves occurring when the rail vehicle travels over the rail can be detected and analyzed, so that more reliable inferences about the condition of the running gear of the rail vehicle can be drawn from them.

Abstract: Process for preparing 1,3-disubstituted imidazolium salts of the formula I where R1 and R3 are each, independently of one another, an organic radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R2, R4 and R5 are each, independently of one another, an H atom or an organic radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, X is the anion of a hydrogen acid having a pKa of at least 2 (measured at 25° C., 1 bar in water or dimethyl sulfoxide) and n is 1, 2 or 3, wherein a) an ?-dicarbonyl compound, an aldehyde, an amine and the hydrogen acid of the anion X? are reacted with one another and b) the reaction is carried out in water, a solvent which is miscible with water or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A sleeper for supporting rails within a section of track for rail vehicles is provided, wherein the sleeper has elongated reinforcing elements extending along a longitudinal axis of the sleeper and is produced as a solid material sleeper having a cavity which extends between the reinforcing elements and from at least one outer face of the sleeper into the interior of the sleeper, and wherein the sleeper is designed for use with at least two different measurement value pick-up systems, wherein one of the measurement value pick-up systems is a temperature measurement value pick-up system having an infrared sensor which is accommodated by insertion into the cavity.

Abstract: A process for purifying an aqueous glyoxal solution comprising at least one acid by extractive acid removal, comprising i) mixing and dispersion of the aqueous glyoxal solution with an ion exchanger solution comprising a tertiary amine and an organic solvent, ii) phase separation and removal of the ion exchanger solution laden with the acid from the aqueous glyoxal solution, and iii) regeneration of the ion exchanger solution by contacting with a basic compound for neutralization of the acid and removal of the basic compound, iv) mixing and dispersion of the ion exchanger solution with water to obtain a dispersion of water and ion exchanger solution, v) Phase separation and removal of the aqueous phase from the ion exchanger solution in such a way that the content of the aqueous phase of the regenerated ion exchanger solution is <1% by weight, and recycling of the ion exchanger solution into step i).

Abstract: The object to configure a system for measuring loads during the wheel/rail contact of rail vehicles in such a manner that the occurring forces and/or torques can be measured in a reliable and realistic manner is solved by the present invention. Between the rail foot and the measuring device, at least one elastic element is arranged which has an elasticity which simulates the elasticity of a ballast bed. By means of the measuring system according to the invention, on the one hand, realistic conditions of a track system can be simulated and, on the other, a high metrological reproducibility of a load situation can be achieved.

Abstract: A sleeper for supporting rails within a section of track for rail vehicles is provided, wherein the sleeper has elongated reinforcing elements extending along a longitudinal axis of the sleeper and is produced as a solid material sleeper having a cavity which extends between the reinforcing elements and from at least one outer face of the sleeper into the interior of the sleeper, and wherein the sleeper is designed for use with at least two different measurement value pick-up systems, wherein one of the measurement value pick-up systems is a temperature measurement value pick-up system having an infrared sensor which is accommodated by insertion into the cavity.

Abstract: A process for purifying an aqueous glyoxal solution comprising at least one acid by extractive acid removal, comprising i) mixing and dispersion of the aqueous glyoxal solution with an ion exchanger solution comprising a tertiary amine and an organic solvent, ii) phase separation and removal of the ion exchanger solution laden with the acid from the aqueous glyoxal solution, and iii) regeneration of the ion exchanger solution by contacting with a basic compound for neutralization of the acid and removal of the basic compound, iv) mixing and dispersion of the ion exchanger solution with water to obtain a dispersion of water and ion exchanger solution, v) Phase separation and removal of the aqueous phase from the ion exchanger solution in such a way that the content of the aqueous phase of the regenerated ion exchanger solution is <1% by weight, and recycling of the ion exchanger solution into step i).

Abstract: The object to create a system and a method which allows better running gear diagnosis of rail vehicles is achieved by the present invention by arranging a number of force measurement devices on the rail measurement zone to detect the forces and/or torques acting on the rail measurement zone, such that the system also comprises a number of sonic measurement devices for detecting the sound waves which occur when the rail vehicle travels over the rail measurement zone. The present invention thus offers a diagnostic system for analysis of the condition of wheel bearings and wheel geometries in particular in which the forces and sound waves occurring when the rail vehicle travels over the rail can be detected and analyzed, so that more reliable inferences about the condition of the running gear of the rail vehicle can be drawn from them.

Abstract: The object to configure a system for measuring loads during the wheel/rail contact of rail vehicles in such a manner that the occurring forces and/or torques can be measured in a reliable and realistic manner is solved by the present invention. Between the rail foot and the measuring device, at least one elastic element is arranged which has an elasticity which simulates the elasticity of a ballast bed. By means of the measuring system according to the invention, on the one hand, realistic conditions of a track system can be simulated and, on the other, a high metrological reproducibility of a load situation can be achieved.

Abstract: Process for preparing 1,3-disubstituted imidazolium salts of the formula I where R1 and R3 are each, independently of one another, an organic radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R2, R4 and R5 are each, independently of one another, an H atom or an organic radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, X is the anion of a hydrogen acid having a pKa of at least 2 (measured at 25° C., 1 bar in water or dimethyl sulfoxide) and n is 1, 2 or 3, wherein a) an ?-dicarbonyl compound, an aldehyde, an amine and the hydrogen acid of the anion X? are reacted with one another and b) the reaction is carried out in water, a solvent which is miscible with water or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of THF by reaction of a 1,4-butanediol-containing reaction mixture over a heteropolyacid catalyst which has not been predried, wherein the reaction mixture comprises 2-(4-hydroxybutoxy)tetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of THF by reaction of a 1,4-butanediol-containing reaction mixture over a heteropolyacid catalyst which has not been predried, wherein the reaction mixture comprises 2-(4-hydroxybutoxy)tetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: A vein stripper, includes a probe, and a coagulation and cutting instrument, which has an electrode assembly and a first end face formed with an opening for passage of the probe. The electrode assembly has at least two electrodes arranged in neighboring disposition in a peripheral zone of the coagulation and cutting instrument in an area of the opening.

Abstract: A vein stripper, includes a probe, and a coagulation and cutting instrument, which has an electrode assembly and a first end face formed with an opening for passage of the probe. The electrode assembly has at least two electrodes arranged in neighboring disposition in a peripheral zone of the coagulation and cutting instrument in an area of the opening.

Abstract: Tetrahydrofuran/but-2-yne-1,4-diol copolymers containing C--C triple bonds and having an average molecular weight M.sub.n of from 500 to 3500 Dalton and a content of from 0.5 to 3 mol of triple bonds/mol of copolymer and blends of these copolymers with polytetrahydrofuran having an average molecular weight M.sub.n of from 500 to 3500 Dalton, processes for their preparation and their use.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding materials containA) from 10 to 97% by weight of a polyoxymethylene homo- or copolymer,B) from 3 to 50% by weight of a thermoplastic elastomer selected from the group consisting of the thermoplastic polyurethanes, the polyetheresters and the polyetheramides, the flexible phase of which is derived from polyetherpolycarbonatediols,C) from 0 to 50% by weight of a fibrous or particulate filler or a mixture thereof andD) from 0 to 30% by weight of conventional additives or processing assistants.

Abstract: The invention relates to thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers obtainable by reaction ofa) unmodified and/or modified organic polyisocyanates, preferably 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, withb) polyoxybutylene glycols and/or polyoxybutylene/polyoxyalkylene glycols with a molecular weight of from 150 to 1800 and a content of crown ethers, preferably those of the formula (--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O--).sub.m, where m is from 3 to 6, not exceeding 0.06% of the total weight andc) chain extenders with a molecular weight of from 60 to 400, preferably 1,4-butanediol,to a process for the preparation thereof and to the use thereof for producing molded articles and sheets for use in the medical or hygiene sector and in the foodstuffs sector.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a polyurethane elastomer by reactinga) an organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanate withb) at least one relatively high-molecular-weight polyoxybutylene-polyoxyalkylene glycol from the group comprising polyoxybutylene-polyoxyethylene glycols, polyoxybutylene-polyoxypropylene glycols and/or polyoxybutylene-polyoxpropylene-polyoxyethylene glycols,c) at least one chain extender and/or crosslinking agent andd) at least one glycidyl compound containing units having the structure ##STR1## in which n is a number from 1 to 6,X is an alkylene, arylene, --O-- or --N-- bridge, andR.sup.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and are hydrogen, methyl or ethyl,in the presence or absence ofe) blowing agents,f) catalysts andg) assistants and/or additives,and mixtures of polyoxybutylene-polyoxyalkylene glycols (b) and glycidyl compounds (d).