Abstract: A microwave resonator for an electron paramagnetic resonance probehead comprises a cavity body supporting an electromagnetic microwave resonance mode, at least one sample opening for inserting a sample in a sample container, at least one microwave opening for transmitting microwave radiation into the resonator, and at least one access opening for inserting and removing a modifier in a modifier vessel into or out of the cavity body. The modifier vessel is fixed in the at least one access opening, the modifier is a fluid comprising attenuator fluid and/or marker fluid and/or adaptor fluid, and the modifier vessel has an insert opening for filling and discharging the modifier gradually into or out of the cavity body. This improves performance greatly, enabling a gradual modification of specific experimental conditions without moving any mechanical parts in the cavity body, and without changing other experimental conditions for Q- and/or M- and/or D-variation.

Abstract: A microwave resonator for an electron paramagnetic resonance probehead comprises a cavity body supporting an electromagnetic microwave resonance mode, at least one sample opening for inserting a sample in a sample container, at least one microwave opening for transmitting microwave radiation into the resonator, and at least one access opening for inserting and removing a modifier in a modifier vessel into or out of the cavity body. The modifier vessel is fixed in the at least one access opening, the modifier is a fluid comprising attenuator fluid and/or marker fluid and/or adaptor fluid, and the modifier vessel has an insert opening for filling and discharging the modifier gradually into or out of the cavity body. This improves performance greatly, enabling a gradual modification of specific experimental conditions without moving any mechanical parts in the cavity body, and without changing other experimental conditions for Q- and/or M- and/or D-variation.

Abstract: In a method for determining an absolute number of electron spins in an extended sample (3) with the assistance of an apparatus for measuring magnetic resonance, the extended sample (3) is disposed within a measurement volume (2) of a radiofrequency RF resonator (1) of the apparatus during an electron spin resonance measurement (ESR).

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the examination, especially the quality control, of optical components, in which an image of the particular component to be examined is produced and flaws in the imaged article are detected by image analysis, as well as the integration of that examining process into the manufacture of the component. The optical components may be optical components for the eye, such as spectacle lenses, contact lenses, intraocular lenses and the like.