Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of (5S)-{[2-(4-carboxyphenyl)ethyl][2-(2-{[3-chloro-4?-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)ethyl]-amino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid of formula (I), prefer-ably in form of one of its salts or solvates or hydrates, preferably (5S)-{[2-(4-carboxyphenyl)ethyl][2-(2-{[3-chloro-4?-(triflu-oromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)ethyl]-amino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid in form of monohydrate (I) of formula (I-M-I) or (5S)-{[2-(4-carboxyphenyl)ethyl] [2-(2-{[3-chloro-4?-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-ethyl]-amino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid inform of mono hydrate (II) of formula (I-M-II), in the inhalative treatment of car-diopulmonary and pulmonary disorders, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (P AH), chronic tromboembolic pulmonary hyperten-sion (CTEPH) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with chronic lung disease (PH group 3) such as pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pu

Abstract: An electric drive system for a motor vehicle includes a first electric machine with a first rotor, a second electric machine with a second rotor, and a reduced coupling gearing, which has a first planetary gear set, a second planetary gear set, a first input shaft, a second input shaft, a first output shaft, and a second output shaft. The first input shaft introduces first torques emanating from the first electric machine into the reduced coupling gearing. The second input shaft introduces second torques emanating from the second electric machine into the reduced coupling gearing. The first output shaft diverts third torques from the reduced coupling gearing. The second output shaft diverts fourth torques from the reduced coupling gearing.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a piezoelectric microactuator assembly can include forming a top electrode layer onto a top face of a PZT element and placing a mask at different locations on the top electrode layer. A conductive epoxy can be added in the space between the at least two portions of the mask, and a constraint layer can be applied to the conductive epoxy smaller than the top electrode layer formed on the PZT element. The mask ca be removed, leaving the constraint layer on the conductive epoxy, creating an exposed shelf of the top electrode uncovered by the constraint layer. A bottom electrode layer can be formed onto a bottom face of the PZT element opposite the top electrode layer and the PZT element can be polarized to form an active piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: An electric drive system for a motor vehicle includes a first electric machine with a first rotor, a second electric machine with a second rotor, and a reduced coupling gearing, which has a first planetary gear set, a second planetary gear set, a first input shaft, a second input shaft, a first output shaft, and a second output shaft. The first input shaft introduces first torques emanating from the first electric machine into the reduced coupling gearing. The second input shaft introduces second torques emanating from the second electric machine into the reduced coupling gearing. The first output shaft diverts third torques from the reduced coupling gearing. The second output shaft diverts fourth torques from the reduced coupling gearing.

Abstract: A dual clutch transmission includes an input shaft, a first clutch having a first input disc carrier, a first output disc carrier, a first force transfer region and a first actuation piston. The transmission also includes a second clutch having a second input disc carrier, a second output disc carrier, a second force transfer region, and a second actuation piston. The transmission includes a first sub-transmission having a first sub-transmission input shaft, and a second sub-transmission having a second sub-transmission input shaft. The input shaft, the first input disc carrier, and the second input disc carrier are connected to one another for conjoint rotation. The first output disc carrier is connected to the first sub-transmission input shaft for conjoint rotation. The second output disc carrier is connected to the second sub-transmission input shaft for conjoint rotation. The second sub-transmission input shaft is arranged coaxially with and radially surrounding the first sub-transmission input shaft.

Abstract: A drive axle for a motor vehicle includes two vehicle wheels, a first shaft by which a first of the vehicle wheels can be driven and a second shaft by which the second vehicle wheel can be driven. The drive axle also includes a first electric motor having a first stator and a first rotor, a differential gear by which the shafts can be driven and, via the shafts, the vehicle wheels can be driven by the first rotor of the first electric motor, and a second electric motor having a second stator and a second rotor. Only one of the shafts is assigned a clutch, by means of which the one shaft can be connected to the second rotor in a torque-transmitting manner, bypassing the other shaft and the differential gear.

Abstract: A hybrid drive system includes an internal combustion engine having a first output shaft, an electric machine having a rotor with a rotor shaft as second output shaft, and a transmission having a four-shaft, first planetary set, a second planetary set, a first shifting element, a second shifting element, a third shifting element, and a third output shaft. The four-shaft, first planetary set has a first shaft, a second shaft, a third shaft, and a fourth shaft, the second planetary set has a first element, a second element, and a third element. The first shaft, the second shaft, the third shaft, and the fourth shaft are rotatable relative to one another and connectable to one another in a rotationally fixed manner by a blocking shifting element. The first output shaft is coupled or is couplable to the first shaft in a rotationally fixed manner.

Abstract: A dual-clutch transmission includes two clutches for respectively connecting an input shaft in a rotationally fixed manner to a sub-transmission input shaft. Two layshafts each have one output gear arranged coaxially with respect thereto. A first, second, and third forward idler gear are each arranged coaxially with respect to the one layshaft. A fourth and fifth forward idler gear are each arranged coaxially with respect to the other layshaft. One of the output gears is a larger output gear having a greater diameter or a greater number of teeth than the other, smaller output gear. The first forward idler gear forms a second gear stage, the second forward idler gear forms a third gear stage, etc. The gear stages have a decreasing transmission ratio in the order stated.

Abstract: A hybrid drive system includes a first and second spur gear component transmission that drift via a countershaft. A planetary gear set is arranged coaxially to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. A first shaft is couplable with the crankshaft. A rotor of the electric motor is couplable with a second shaft. A first input shaft of the first spur gear component transmission is connected, fixed against rotation, with a third shaft. A second input shaft of the second spur gear component transmission is connected, fixed against rotation, with a fourth shaft of the planetary gear set. The first and the second spur gear component transmission each have exactly one spur gear pairing. An interlock switch element for the rotationally fixed connection of two of the shafts of the planetary gear set is arranged between the two spur gear pairings in an axial direction, seen along the input shafts.

Abstract: A hybrid drive unit includes an internal combustion engine, electric machine, and transmission having an input shaft and first and second countershafts. The internal combustion engine is directly couplable via a clutch to the input shaft. There are six shiftable gear pairings, each with a gearwheel arranged coaxially to the input shaft. The first gear pairing has a first gearwheel as an idler gear arranged coaxially to the input shaft and a second gearwheel as an idler gear arranged coaxially to the first countershaft. The electric machine is connected to the first gear pairing so that torques are directable into the transmission via the first gear pairing.

Abstract: A hybrid drive system has an internal combustion engine, electric engine, and transmission having a first spur gear section and a second spur gear section, which provide output via at least one layshaft, and a four-shaft planetary transmission, which has a first planetary gear set having a first sun gear, a first planetary carrier and a first annular gear, and a second planetary gear set having a second sun gear, a second planetary carrier and a second annular gear. The first annular gear is couplable with a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. The first sun gear is permanently connected to the second annular gear fixed against rotation. A rotor of the electric engine is couplable with the second annular gear fixed against rotation. The first planetary carrier is permanently connected to the second planetary carrier fixed against rotation. A first input shaft of the first spur gear section rotatable around a main axis of rotation is connected to the second planetary carrier fixed against rotation.

Abstract: A dual-clutch transmission includes first and second partial transmissions, a first countershaft to which a first output gear is permanently connected in a rotationally fixed manner, and a second countershaft to which a second output gear is permanently connected in a rotationally fixed manner. A first idler assigned to the first partial transmission and a second idler assigned to the second partial transmission are respectively arranged coaxially to the first countershaft and are couplable to each other in a rotationally fixed manner by a bridge switching element. The first partial transmission includes exactly three single-gear planes, including a first single-gear plane, second single-gear plane having the first idler, and third single-gear plane.

Abstract: A hybrid drive system has an internal combustion engine, electric engine, and transmission having a first spur gear section and a second spur gear section, which provide output via at least one layshaft, and a four-shaft planetary transmission, which has a first planetary gear set having a first sun gear, a first planetary carrier and a first annular gear, and a second planetary gear set having a second sun gear, a second planetary carrier and a second annular gear. The first annular gear is couplable with a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. The first sun gear is permanently connected to the second annular gear fixed against rotation. A rotor of the electric engine is couplable with the second annular gear fixed against rotation. The first planetary carrier is permanently connected to the second planetary carrier fixed against rotation. A first input shaft of the first spur gear section rotatable around a main axis of rotation is connected to the second planetary carrier fixed against rotation.

Abstract: A hybrid drive system includes an internal combustion engine having a first output shaft, an electric machine having a rotor with a rotor shaft as second output shaft, and a transmission having a four-shaft, first planetary set, a second planetary set, a first shifting element, a second shifting element, a third shifting element, and a third output shaft. The four-shaft, first planetary set has a first shaft, a second shaft, a third shaft, and a fourth shaft, the second planetary set has a first element, a second element, and a third element. The first shaft, the second shaft, the third shaft, and the fourth shaft are rotatable relative to one another and connectable to one another in a rotationally fixed manner by a blocking shifting element. The first output shaft is coupled or is couplable to the first shaft in a rotationally fixed manner.

Abstract: A hybrid drive unit includes an internal combustion engine, electric machine, and transmission having an input shaft and first and second countershafts. The internal combustion engine is directly couplable via a clutch to the input shaft. There are six shiftable gear pairings, each with a gearwheel arranged coaxially to the input shaft. The first gear pairing has a first gearwheel as an idler gear arranged coaxially to the input shaft and a second gearwheel as an idler gear arranged coaxially to the first countershaft. The electric machine is connected to the first gear pairing so that torques are directable into the transmission via the first gear pairing.

Abstract: A hybrid transmission for a vehicle includes a transmission input shaft extending in a transverse direction, at least one countershaft arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft, a clutch device arranged coaxially with respect to the transmission input shaft and which has at least one clutch, and a differential having a differential input gear. A rotational axis of the differential input gear is arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft. The transmission also includes an electric machine having a rotor with a rotor rotational axis arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft and a transmission control device. As viewed in a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the transverse direction, the differential input gear, the transmission input shaft, and a transmission controller including the transmission control device are arranged in succession in the sequence specified.

Abstract: A hybrid transmission for a vehicle includes a transmission input shaft extending in a transverse direction, at least one countershaft arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft, a clutch device arranged coaxially with respect to the transmission input shaft and which has at least one clutch, and a differential having a differential input gear. A rotational axis of the differential input gear is arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft. The transmission also includes an electric machine having a rotor with a rotor rotational axis arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft and a transmission control device. As viewed in a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the transverse direction, the differential input gear, the transmission input shaft, and a transmission controller including the transmission control device are arranged in succession in the sequence specified.

Abstract: A hybrid transmission for a vehicle includes a transmission input shaft extending in a transverse direction, at least one countershaft arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft, a clutch device arranged coaxially with respect to the transmission input shaft and which has at least one clutch, and a differential having a differential input gear. A rotational axis of the differential input gear is arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft. The transmission also includes an electric machine having a rotor with a rotor rotational axis arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft and a transmission control device. As viewed in a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the transverse direction, the differential input gear, the transmission input shaft, and a transmission controller including the transmission control device are arranged in succession in the sequence specified.

Abstract: A hybrid transmission for a vehicle includes a transmission input shaft extending in a transverse direction, at least one countershaft arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft, a clutch device arranged coaxially with respect to the transmission input shaft and which has at least one clutch, and a differential having a differential input gear. A rotational axis of the differential input gear is arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft. The transmission also includes an electric machine having a rotor with a rotor rotational axis arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft and a transmission control device. As viewed in a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the transverse direction, the differential input gear, the transmission input shaft, and a transmission controller including the transmission control device are arranged in succession in the sequence specified.

Abstract: A hybrid drive unit includes a transmission having an input shaft and first and second countershafts. An internal combustion engine is directly couplable to the input shaft via a clutch. There are seven shiftable gear pairings, each including a gearwheel arranged coaxially to the input shaft. The first gear pairing has a first gearwheel formed as an idler gear and arranged coaxially to the input shaft, and a second gearwheel formed as an idler gear and arranged coaxially to the first countershaft. The electric machine is connected to the first gear pairing such that torques are transmittable from the electric machine to the transmission via the first gear pairing.