Abstract: In a method of lossless processing of an integer value signal in a prediction filter which includes a quantiser, a numerator of the prediction filter is implemented prior to the quantiser and a denominator of the prediction filter is implemented recursively around the quantiser to reduce the peak data rate of an output signal. In the lossless processor, at each sample instant, an input to the quantiser is jointly responsive to a first sample value of a signal input to the prediction filter, a second sample value of a signal input to the prediction filter at a previous sample instant, and an output value of the quantiser at a previous sample incident. In a preferred embodiment, the prediction filter includes noise shaping for affecting the output of the quantiser.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ruthenium compounds of the formula {Ru(dienyl)2} wherein “dienyl” represents a substituted pentadienyl or cycloheptadienyl group by reacting dichloro(2,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1,8-diyl)-ruthenium with an appropriate diene in the presence of a primary or secondary alcohol capable of reducing Ru(IV) to Ru(II); and a carbonate of an alkaline material. These ruthenium compounds are useful as precursors of Ru catalysts.

Abstract: A molding process for a composite article uses a textured film layer to shape the surface of the composite article. The film layer is placed in the mold with the textured film surface exposed and a composite material is placed over the textured film surface. Preferably, the film layer is vacuum-formed onto the mold to take the shape of the mold. As it cures, the composite article takes the shape of the textured film layer to form a textured article surface. After demolding, the film layer adheres to the article as a protective coating, but can be readily removed from the article to expose an underlying textured surface of the article.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ruthenium compounds of the formula {Ru(dienyl)2} wherein “dienyl” represents a substituted pentadienyl or cycloheptadienyl group by reacting dichloro(2,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1,8-diyl)-ruthenium with an appropriate diene in the presence of a primary or secondary alcohol capable of reducing Ru(IV) to Ru(II); and a carbonate of an alkaline material. These ruthenium compounds are useful as precursors of Ru catalysts.

Abstract: A device for cutting wood or other materials comprises a saw blade clamping device for radially and/or axially fixing circular saw blades mounted axially displaceable on a drive shaft. Support bodies are provided axially displaceable on the drive shaft for each circular saw blade. The axial displacement of the circular saw blades takes place by guide spindles running parallel to the axis of the drive shaft and passing through the support bodies. At least one clamping element is mounted in the drive shaft 1, 20. The clamping element is mounted radially displaceable. In a first stage, the circular saw blades which are mounted on the support bodies are thereby displaced. In a second stage, the circular saw blades or support bodies are connected to the drive shaft in keyed and/or force locking engagement. Through the device, a displacement of the cutting width is possible without the time and labor intensive dismantling of the saw blades.

Abstract: A novel rigid, nonporous shell for use with a spiral wound membrane filtration element that allows a controlled bypass flow between the outside of the element and the inside of an enclosing pressure housing while maintaining structural mechanical properties and tight tolerances on the outside diameter of the element allowing easy installation and removal of the cartridge.

Abstract: In addition to ash and coke, the gasification residue contains alkaline earth metal sulfide and alkaline earth metal oxide because desulfuring agents have been supplied to the gasifier. At temperatures from 5.degree. to 80.degree. C. the gasification residue is mixed with an acid-containing aqueous solution so that a gas which is rich in H.sub.2 S is produced. Ash, coke, and alkaline earth metal salt are supplied to a flotation zone, in which coke is separated. A solid residue which contains ash and alkaline earth metal salt is withdrawn from the flotation zone. Carbonic acid or dilute sulfuric acid is preferably used as an acid.

Abstract: Fine-grained fuels are gasified in a fluidized state with a mixture of gasifying agents which comprise oxygen, water vapor and/or carbon dioxide. NH.sub.3 is substantially entirely removed from the product gas from the gasifier. All or part of the NH.sub.3 is combusted and any remaining NH.sub.3 is added to the exhaust gas from the combustor. In a preferred embodiment the content of nitrogen oxides and/or NH.sub.3 in the exhaust gas from the combustor and NH.sub.3 is supplied to the combustor at such a controlled rate that the contents of nitrogen oxides and NH.sub.3 in the exhaust gas to which NH.sub.3 has been admixed are minimized.

Abstract: Fuels are gasified in a fluidized state by a treatment with oxygen-containing gas and water vapor in a gasifying reactor. A solids mixture which contains ash and fine-grained fuels is combusted in a heating-up phase, which precedes the gasification and in which the temperature in the reactor is increased approximately to the temperature desired for the gasification. In a succeeding inertizing phase the supply rate of oxygen-containing gas is decreased and an inert gas is fed to the reactor until the product gas no longer contains free oxygen whereas the temperature is maintained virtually constant. In the succeeding gasification the fuel supply rate is increased and, after an adjusting time, the temperature is maintained virtually constant at the value desired for the gasification in the range from 600.degree. to 1500.degree. C. The gasification temperature is controlled by a change of the fuel supply rate.

Abstract: In a rotary-grate gas producer operated under a pressure from 10 to 100 bars, the fuel constitutes a fixed bed, which slow descends. The mixture of gasifying agents contains water vapor and oxygen is supplied to the fixed bed through a rotary grate and through an ash layer, which is disposed on the rotary grate. In order to ensure that the ash will have a particle size in a desired range, a first pressure (p1) is measured below the rotary grate and a second pressure (p2) is measured approximately at the top of the ash layer. The pressure difference (p1-p2) is compared with a setpoint, which is associated with the current ratio of water vapor to oxygen in the mixture of gasifying agent. Said ratio is increased when the pressure difference is insufficient and the ratio is decreased if the pressure difference is excessive.

Abstract: The lock container is connected to a reactor, which serves to gasify or to combust solid fuels. The lock container serves to remove ash from the reactor. A pressure of at least 2 bars prevails in the reactor. The lock container is pressurized and pressure-relieved in alternation. The pressure relief line communicates with a filter element, which is permeable to gas and substantially impermeable to solids and is disposed within the lock container. When the lock container is filled to the usual level during a pressure relief, at least one half of the filter element is surrounded by ash. The filter element may be tubular.

Abstract: A contact adhesive that is a polymeric material with a major proportion of a tackifier is applied to sand in making a foundry mold. No curing step for the adhesive is required but instead pressure is applied to get the desired bonding together of the sand granules.