Abstract: A VR system for vehicles that may implement methods that address problems with vehicles in motion that may result in motion sickness for passengers. The VR system may provide virtual views that match visual cues with the physical motions that a passenger experiences. The VR system may provide immersive VR experiences by replacing the view of the real world with virtual environments. Active vehicle systems and/or vehicle control systems may be integrated with the VR system to provide physical effects with the virtual experiences. The virtual environments may be altered to accommodate a passenger upon determining that the passenger is prone to or is exhibiting signs of motion sickness.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) by reacting ethylene with acetic acid and oxygen in a tube bundle reactor in a heterogeneously catalysed, continuous gas phase process, characterized in that a high-performance catalyst with a space-time yield of more than 700 g of VAM/l of catalyst×hour is used for catalysis, and in that the tube bundle reactor comprises tubes with a ratio of inner surface area to volume of ?130 m?1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing vinyl acetate in a heterogeneously catalyzed, continuous gas-phase process by reacting ethylene with acetic acid and oxygen in a reactor, and a) separating the product gas flow essentially containing ethylene, vinyl acetate, acetic acid, water, carbon dioxide, and other inert gases, and b) feeding a circulating gas flow containing ethylene and CO2 back into the reactor, c) the circulating gas flow being compressed in a circulating gas compressor before being fed back into the reactor, and d) a partial flow of the circulating gas is branched off on the suction side or the pressure side of the circulating gas compressor and is fed to a CO2 scrubbing process, and e) is scrubbed in a water scrubber before the CO2 scrubbing process, characterized in that f) after the CO2 scrubbing process, the partial flow, together with ethylene as a propellant, is fed, by means of a jet compressor, to the circulating gas on the pressure side of the circulating gas compressor and do

Abstract: A method for producing vinyl acetate in a heterogeneously catalyzed, continuous gas phase process by reacting ethylene with acetic acid and oxygen in a reactor and separating the product gas stream substantially comprising ethylene, vinyl acetate, acetic acid, water, carbon dioxide and inert gases.

Abstract: A method for producing vinyl acetate in a heterogeneously catalyzed, continuous gas phase process by reacting ethylene with acetic acid and oxygen in a reactor and separating the product gas stream substantially comprising ethylene, vinyl acetate, acetic acid, water, carbon dioxide and inert gases.

Abstract: A process for preparing unsaturated carboxylic esters includes reaction of alkenes having 2 to 6 carbon atoms with alkanecarboxylic acids having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the presence of an oxygenous gas and in the presence of a heterogeneous noble metal catalyst by means of a continuous homogeneous gas phase process in a reactor. A gaseous phase (cycle gas) is circulated, and the cycle gas is laden with alkanecarboxylic acid in an acid saturator before entry into the reactor. In a presaturator connected upstream of the acid saturator, the cycle gas is laden with a portion of the amount of alkanecarboxylic acid used for saturation, and then it is transferred to the acid saturator and laden there with the remaining amount of alkanecarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing vinyl acetate in a heterogeneously catalyzed, continuous gas-phase process by reacting ethylene with acetic acid and oxygen in a reactor, and a) separating the product gas flow essentially containing ethylene, vinyl acetate, acetic acid, water, carbon dioxide, and other inert gases, and b) feeding a circulating gas flow containing ethylene and CO2 back into the reactor, c) the circulating gas flow being compressed in a circulating gas compressor before being fed back into the reactor, and d) a partial flow of the circulating gas is branched off on the suction side or the pressure side of the circulating gas compressor and is fed to a CO2 scrubbing process, and e) is scrubbed in a water scrubber before the CO2 scrubbing process, characterized in that f) after the CO2 scrubbing process, the partial flow, together with ethylene as a propellant, is fed, by means of a jet compressor, to the circulating gas on the pressure side of the circulating gas compressor and do

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) by reacting ethylene with acetic acid and oxygen in a tube bundle reactor in a heterogeneously catalysed, continuous gas phase process, characterized in that a high-performance catalyst with a space-time yield of more than 700 g of VAM/l of catalyst×hour is used for catalysis, and in that the tube bundle reactor comprises tubes with a ratio of inner surface area to volume of ?130 m-1.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing unsaturated carboxylic esters by means of reaction of alkenes having 2 to 6 carbon atoms with alkanecarboxylic acids having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the presence of an oxygenous gas and in the presence of a heterogeneous noble metal catalyst by means of a continuous homogeneous gas phase process in a reactor, wherein a gaseous phase (cycle gas) is circulated, and the cycle gas is laden with alkanecarboxylic acid in an acid saturator before entry into the reactor, characterized in that, in a presaturator connected upstream of the acid saturator, the cycle gas is laden with a portion of the amount of alkanecarboxylic acid used for saturation, then it is transferred to the acid saturator and laden there with the remaining amount of alkanecarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation detector (1) for detecting low-intensity radiation, especially for detecting individual photons. The radiation detector includes a plurality of rows of image cells (5) with respective pluralities of image cells (5) disposed one after the other and respective signal outputs (6). The radiation to be detected generates signal charge carriers in the individual image cells (5), the charge carriers being transported along the rows of image cells to the respective signal output (6). A plurality of output amplifiers (7) are connected in parallel to one of the signal outputs each of the individual image cell columns and amplify the signal charge carriers. The invention is characterized in that the output amplifiers (7) include respective avalanche amplifiers (8).

Abstract: The invention relates to a semiconductor detector, in particular a pnCCD detector, for radiation detection, including a guard ring (12, 14) and a readout anode (3, 4) arranged inside the guard ring (12, 14) for reading out radiation-generated signal charge carriers (e?), and also including a clearing contact (9) arranged outside the guard ring (12, 14) for removing the collected signal charge carriers (e?) from the readout anode (3, 4). According to the invention, the semiconductor detector furthermore includes a gap (15, 16) in the guard ring (12, 14) and also a controllable gate (17, 18) which is arranged over the gap (15, 16) in the guard ring (12, 14) and makes the gap (15, 16) in the guard ring (12, 14) permeable or impermeable to the signal charge carriers (e?) to be removed, depending on an electrical actuation of the gate (17, 18).

Abstract: The efficiency of vinyl acetate production is increased by scrubbing of off gas followed by CO2 absorption. A portion of the off gas containing substantial quantities of ethylene is recycled to the process, whereas another portion is employed in another ethylene consuming reaction. Despite not removing non-reactive gases, selectivity and yield based on ethylene are both increased.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for the corona treatment of flat material (30) using a cylindrical transport electrode (1) that can be rotated in such a way as to transport the flat material, a treatment electrode (2a,b) which is arranged opposite the transport electrode (1) and defines a treatment gap (31) for the flat material (30), a high-voltage source (4) for applying a high-frequency electrical voltage to the treatment electrode (2a, b), and sheet holders (11) which are arranged on the envelope side of the transport electrode (1) and used to receive the edges of sheets of flat materials (30). The inventive device is characterized by a treatment device (12) wherein blowing means (22, 23) are embodied or arranged in front of, and behind, at least one treatment electrode (2a, 2b), in the direction of transport (32).

Abstract: The invention relates to a semiconductor detector, in particular a pnCCD detector, for radiation detection, including a guard ring (12, 14) and a readout anode (3, 4) arranged inside the guard ring (12, 14) for reading out radiation-generated signal charge carriers (e?), and also including a clearing contact (9) arranged outside the guard ring (12, 14) for removing the collected signal charge carriers (e?) from the readout anode (3, 4). According to the invention, the semiconductor detector furthermore includes a gap (15, 16) in the guard ring (12, 14) and also a controllable gate (17, 18) which is arranged over the gap (15, 16) in the guard ring (12, 14) and makes the gap (15, 16) in the guard ring (12, 14) permeable or impermeable to the signal charge carriers (e?) to be removed, depending on an electrical actuation of the gate (17, 18).

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation detector (1) for detecting low-intensity radiation, especially for detecting individual photons. The radiation detector includes a plurality of rows of image cells (5) with respective pluralities of image cells (5) disposed one after the other and respective signal outputs (6). The radiation to be detected generates signal charge carriers in the individual image cells (5), the charge carriers being transported along the rows of image cells to the respective signal output (6). A plurality of output amplifiers (7) are connected in parallel to one of the signal outputs each of the individual image cell columns and amplify the signal charge carriers. The invention is characterized in that the output amplifiers (7) include respective avalanche amplifiers (8).

Abstract: The efficiency of vinyl acetate production is increased by scrubbing of off gas followed by CO2 absorption. A portion of the off gas containing substantial quantities of ethylene is recycled to the process, whereas another portion is employed in another ethylene consuming reaction. Despite not removing non-reactive gases, selectivity and yield based on ethylene are both increased.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high voltage transformer consisting essentially of a magnetic iron core, yokes and primary and secondary coils, with high voltage rectifier and fine control element for the energy supply of single and multistage electron accelerators, wherein the primary coil is such a distance from the secondary coil that a large stray field results, the ratios of yoke to limb lengths being from 1:1 to 2:1.

Abstract: A semiconductor radiation detector has an at least partially or even completely depleted base region of a first conductivity, to which a bias voltage is applied, and has at least one output or read-out electrode at which a signal is produced by the charge carriers generated by radiation incident on the detector. The read-out or output electrode includes a highly doped region of the first or a second conductivity, onto which an insulating layer and thereupon a conducting electrode layer are applied for outputting the generated or induced signals. The voltage application to the highly doped region of the read-out or output electrode is achieved through a high impedance through the base region of the detector, from at least one electrode of the same conductivity as that of the output or read-out electrode. Thus, it is simply possible to capacitively couple the detector to external circuitry even if these external circuits have a complex structure or arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the desulfurization and denitration of flue gases by electron irradiation of the flue gases to which ammonia has been added prior to the irradiation, wherein for the electrons there are used low-energy sources of electron beams with an acceleration voltage for the electrons of 250 keV, only one of which has an electron exit window, the support lattice of which is formed from several double comb-like bridge elements disconnectably connected with the windowframe, each of which has a main bridge which is provided with a bore as cooling pipe.

Abstract: As in the case of the irradiation of plane materials, the production of an inert atmosphere for the radiation-curable coating plays a decisive role with regard to the operating costs and the quality of the resulting product in the case of the curing of shaped parts. The present invention shows that the production of an inert atmosphere with the aid of a vacuum/inert gas lock with subsequent feeding through the lock into a radiation chamber constitutes an inexpensive means of producing an inert atmosphere for shaped parts, since flushing of the radiation chamber 8 to 10 times before each irradiation operation, as was necessary in the past, is dispensed with.