Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst system for gas reactions comprising at least one planar structure of noble metal having gas-permeable openings, comprising the steps of: (1) providing at least one noble metal powder consisting of at least substantially spherical noble metal particles, and (2) repeatedly applying the noble metal powder or powders provided in step (1) in layers to a substrate in a build chamber, respectively followed by an at least partial melting of the respective noble metal powder applied as a layer with high-energy radiation, and allowing the melted noble metal powder to solidify within the scope of additive manufacturing.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst system for gas reactions comprising at least one planar structure of noble metal having gas-permeable openings, comprising the steps of: (1) providing at least one noble metal powder consisting of at least substantially spherical noble metal particles, and (2) repeatedly applying the noble metal powder or powders provided in step (1) in layers to a substrate in a build chamber, respectively followed by an at least partial melting of the respective noble metal powder applied as a layer with high-energy radiation, and allowing the melted noble metal powder to solidify within the scope of additive manufacturing.

Abstract: Roasted coffee with an increased chlorogenic acid content of more than 2.8% by weight or instant coffee powder with an increased chlorogenic acid content of more than 8.5% by weight have a better compatibility. The increased chlorogenic acid content is achieved either by adding chlorogenic acid or by extracting raw coffee and adding the optionally concentrated extract to the roasted coffee.

Abstract: In an apparatus for coating a substrate with an organic substance by placing the substrate in a coating chamber containing a gaseous hydrocarbon compound, in which the hydrocarbon compound can be broken down by means of a cathode system having magnets, a plasma is formed in the vicinity of the substrate by applying a radiofrequency voltage to the cathode system while the substrate is held immediately in front of the cathode. The pressure in the coating chamber and the supply of the electric energy from the generator to the cathode are variable for the purpose of achieving a coating quality that will change during the build-up of the coating. For this purpose, electric motor-powered valve means are inserted into the gas supply line and into the pump suction line and are operated through a timing mechanism or a control apparatus which is connected to a vacuum gauge.

Abstract: Chlorogenic acid can be separated and produced as free acid or as salts thereof from plant raw material extracts by means of gel permeation chromatography on cross-linked modified polysaccharides, especially on dextrans. To obtain the free acid, the aqueous extract must be adjusted to a pH in the range of about 2 to 2.8. By use of a column of sufficient length the isomeric 5-, 4- and 3-chlorogenic acid can also be separated by the process of the invention.

Abstract: In a cathode sputtering apparatus, in order to achieve a very uniform utilization of the target and a high-quality coating on the substrate, the cathode is provided on its side of the target facing away from the substrate with a flat plate on which a plurality of magnets are disposed in rows, the magnets of the individual rows parallel to one another being at approximately equal distances apart and having the same polarity. Moreover, the magnetic of the one row are offset by a dimension g from the magnets of the adjacent row, so that, in the area of the target provided with the coating material, when the cathode is used in a chamber with suitable gas pressure and with a voltage of any desired frequency is applied, plasma tubes form which are like serpentinely curved racetracks.

Abstract: A dimmed motor vehicle headlight is provided with an ellipsoidally shaped reflector, where a light source is disposed at a first focal point of the reflector. A collector lens is supported by a frame having an annular part which is connected to the reflector and where the lens is disposed behind a second focal point of the reflector. A diaphragm is provided which is in the path of the light beam ahead of the collector lens and disposed at the respective focal point of the collector lens. The diaphragm is provided adjustable and with an upper substantially horizontally running edge that generates a light-dark boundary. The diaphragm and the frame are formed as a single part. The frame is provided by a beaker shaped sheet metal piece, where a cut out floor area serves to support the lens and where arm shaped webs are cut free from a wall forming a jacket face. One of these webs is angled toward the optical axis such that its upper end edge forms the diaphragm edge for the light-dark boundary.

Abstract: A process for extracting caffeine from raw coffee, roast coffee, tea and the like. Super-critical carbon dioxide is used as extracting agent, and ion-exchangers are used to absorb the caffeine, and are subsequently regenerated by use of aqueous regenerating agents.

Abstract: A method of extracting coffee oil containing aromatic constituents in high yield and in stable form by extracting solid, roasted coffee with dry carbon dioxide under super-critical conditions of temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A process for decaffeinating green coffee comprising treating green coffee with at least one acetal of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each a methyl group or an ethyl group, as an organic solvent, and removing solvent residues by steaming the treated green coffee.

Abstract: Method of removing caffeine from vegetable materials using a solvent containing two components:(a) a first component which is inherently gaseous under operational conditions, and (b) a second component which, by itself, has physical properties such that a mixture of (a) and (b) is liquid at the operating temperature.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of spice extracts by extraction of the natural spice with a supercritical gas such as carbon dioxide in which the aroma contents are first extracted with a dry gas, the flavor contents are then extracted with a moist gas and the extracted materials recovered and mixed.

Abstract: A method of producing coffee low in undesired stimulants by removing coffee wax from unroasted coffee by the use of a supercritical fluid and absorbing the coffee wax in an absorbent precharged with pure caffeine.

Abstract: A caffeine free black tea product is produced by an extraction procedure with a supercritical gas such as carbon dioxide in which first the aromatic content of the tea is extracted with dry gas, then the caffeine content is extracted with wet gas, and finally the decaffeinated tea is reimpregnated with the aromatic content.

Abstract: Process for extracting nicotine is disclosed in which tobacco is exposed to an extracting solvent in either liquid or gaseous state at temperatures below about 100.degree. C. and at high pressures. The aroma generating substances can be removed by conducting the extraction with the tobacco in dry condition. Thereafter the tobacco can be moistened, and on further contacting the nicotine is removed. The aroma generating substances can then be recombined with nicotine free tobacco.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of spice extracts by extraction of the natural spice with a supercritical gas such as carbon dioxide in which the aroma contents are first extracted with a dry gas; the flavor contents are then extracted with a moist gas and the extracted materials recovered and mixed.

Abstract: Process for extraction of hops utilizing supercritical gases such as carbon dioxide.