Abstract: A system for testing thermal runaway in a battery cell includes a first layer of first dielectric material at least in part wrapped around the battery cell, and a wire at least in part wrapped around the first layer of first dielectric material. The system further includes a second layer of second dielectric material at least in part wrapped around the wire, and a power source configured to supply power to the wire. In an example, the first layer of first dielectric material includes a polyimide film, and the second layer of second dielectric material includes mica. The system further includes a temperature sensor in contact with the first layer, the second layer, and/or the battery cell. A controller is to receive a temperature reading from the temperature sensor, and control a power supplied by the power source to the wire, based at least in part on the temperature reading.

Abstract: A method includes forming a cold plate including conductive material and having a plurality of openings, and coating the cold plate with dielectric coating. The method further includes placing the cold plate proximal to a metal plate including one or more metals, and exposing the cold plate to moisture and/or water. In an example, a minimum lateral distance between the cold plate and the metal plate is at most 0.5 inch. The method further includes, while the cold plate is exposed to the moisture and/or the water, applying a voltage across the cold plate and the metal plate, and measuring a resultant leakage current through the cold plate. A thickness of the dielectric coating on an edge of an opening of the plurality of openings is at least 0.003 inch.

Abstract: A battery assembly includes a first plurality of battery cells, a second plurality of battery cells, and a switch between the first plurality of battery cells and the second plurality of battery cells. In an example, the first plurality of battery cells, the switch, and the second plurality of battery cells are connected in series to a load. In an example, the first plurality of battery cells, the second plurality of battery cells, and the switch are within an enclosure, which is within a pressure regulated section of an aircraft. The load may be external to the enclosure. The battery assembly further includes a controller configured to open the switch and the disconnect the first plurality of battery cells from the second plurality of battery cells, in response to an air pressure proximal to the first and second pluralities of battery cells falling below a threshold level.

Abstract: Welding plates and a welding system are provided. A welding plate comprises a first portion and a second portion. The first portion comprises a plurality of recesses. Each recess comprises an elastomer configured to compress under a force and a tip. A proximal end of the tip is in contact with the elastomer. The elastomer has a durometer rating less than a predetermined threshold. The second portion may be mounted to the first portion. The second portion has a plurality of first openings. Each first opening corresponds to a recess. A respective tip extends through a respective first opening. Each tip is slidably mounted within the welding plate. Each tip has a central opening forming a welding channel.

Abstract: A battery system, battery packs and battery modules are disclosed. The battery module comprises a plurality of cells mounted within a housing. The housing has a plurality of openings respectively for a corresponding cell. The module has a plurality of groups of cells. Each group comprises a plurality of parallel connected cells from among the plurality of cells. The plurality of groups is connected in series. The module has a plurality of current limiting elements. Each current limiting element are electrically connected in a parallel path to one or both terminals of cells which are parallelly connected. The current limiting elements may be passive or active elements. The current limiting elements may be integrated in or separate from busbars which are connected to terminals of the cells.

Abstract: A lithium-ion battery assembly includes a plurality of battery cells in a spaced-apart and generally parallel arrangement, each cell of the battery cells extending along a central axis and having a first end portion with a negative terminal and a second end portion with a positive terminal. The assembly includes a first capture plate and a second capture plate, where at least the first capture plate defines capture plate openings corresponding to the plurality of battery cells, the first capture plate spaced from and oriented generally parallel to the second capture plate. Each of the plurality of battery cells extends between the first and second capture plates and is coaxially arranged with one of the capture plate openings in the first capture plate. The assembly optionally includes a body between the capture plates, the body defining a void for each battery cell.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus comprises a frame, left and right foot link supporting left and right foot pads. The left and right foot pads synchronously move out of phase through an elliptical path having an adjustable step height. The apparatus may include left and right side arms pivotally connected to the left and right foot links and pivotally supported by the frame. Left and right cranks eccentrically support left and right crank guides. Left and right links each have a first end pivotably connected to left and right foot links and a second end operably coupled to the left and right crank guides, respectively. A movable adjustment member is connected to left and right flexible members operably coupled to the left and right foot links. Movement of the adjustable member adjusts an extent to which the left and right flexible members wrap about the respective left and right crank guides.

Abstract: An exercise device includes first and second crank arms configured to rotate 180 degrees out of phase with respect to one another about a first axis; a track; first and second foot links, first and second footpads carried by the first and second foot links between the first link portion and the second link portion and first and second front arms. Each of the first and second foot links has a first link portion that moves along the track while pivoting. Each of the first and second front arms has a first arm portion pivotally coupled to one of the foot links and a second arm portion pivotally coupled one of the crank arms. In one embodiment, a disc rotates in response to movement of the first foot link along the track, wherein a magnet facing the disc forms an eddy brake.

Abstract: A method and apparatus guide inclined movement of a left foot pad in a fore-aft direction on a first side of a longitudinal centerline of an exercise apparatus and inclined movement of a right foot pad in the fore-aft direction on a second side of the longitudinal centerline of the exercise apparatus such that the right foot pad and the left foot pad are transversely spaced from the longitudinal centerline by a first distance when proximate to a front of the exercise apparatus and are transversely spaced from the longitudinal centerline by a second distance greater than the first distance when proximate to a rear of the exercise apparatus.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus comprises a frame, left and right foot link supporting left and right foot pads. The left and right foot pads synchronously move out of phase through an elliptical path having an adjustable step height. The apparatus may include left and right side arms pivotally connected to the left and right foot links and pivotally supported by the frame. Left and right cranks eccentrically support left and right crank guides. Left and right links each have a first end pivotably connected to left and right foot links and a second end operably coupled to the left and right crank guides, respectively. A movable adjustment member is connected to left and right flexible members operably coupled to the left and right foot links. Movement of the adjustable member adjusts an extent to which the left and right flexible members wrap about the respective left and right crank guides.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus comprises a frame, a left foot link supporting a left foot pad, a right foot link supporting a right foot pad in a left foot link supporting a left foot pad. The right foot pad is linked to the left foot pad so as to synchronously move out of phase with the left foot pad through an elliptical path having an adjustable step height and an adjustable stride length. An adjustment synchronizer is operably coupled to the left foot link and the right foot link to synchronously adjust both the step height and the stride length of the elliptical path.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus comprises a frame, a left foot link supporting a left foot pad, a right foot link supporting a right foot pad in a left foot link supporting a left foot pad. The right foot pad is linked to the left foot pad so as to synchronously move out of phase with the left foot pad through an elliptical path having an adjustable step height and an adjustable stride length. An adjustment synchronizer is operably coupled to the left foot link and the right foot link to synchronously adjust both the step height and the stride length of the elliptical path.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus comprises a frame, a left foot link supporting a left foot pad, a right foot link supporting a right foot pad in a left foot link supporting a left foot pad. The right foot pad is linked to the left foot pad so as to synchronously move out of phase with the left foot pad through an elliptical path having an adjustable step height and an adjustable stride length. An adjustment synchronizer is operably coupled to the left foot link and the right foot link to synchronously adjust both the step height and the stride length of the elliptical path.

Abstract: A method and apparatus guide inclined movement of a left foot pad in a fore-aft direction on a first side of a longitudinal centerline of an exercise apparatus and inclined movement of a right foot pad in the fore-aft direction on a second side of the longitudinal centerline of the exercise apparatus such that the right foot pad and the left foot pad are transversely spaced from the longitudinal centerline by a first distance when proximate a front of the exercise apparatus and are transversely spaced from the longitudinal centerline by second distance greater than the first distance when proximate a rear of the exercise apparatus.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus comprises an incremental weight system. The incremental weight system comprises an incremental weight and an incremental weight selector. The incremental weight selector is liftable by a weight lift and has a lever movable between a lowered position and a raised position to actuate the selector between an engaged position engaging the incremental weight such that the incremental weight is liftable with a first weight by the weight lift and a disengaged position disengaged from the incremental weight such that the first weight is liftable independent of the incremental weight.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus comprises a frame, a left foot link supporting a left foot pad, a right foot link supporting a right foot pad in a left foot link supporting a left foot pad. The right foot pad is linked to the left foot pad so as to synchronously move out of phase with the left foot pad through an elliptical path having an adjustable step height and an adjustable stride length. An adjustment synchronizer is operably coupled to the left foot link and the right foot link to synchronously adjust both the step height and the stride length of the elliptical path.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus comprises an incremental weight system. The incremental weight system comprises an incremental weight and an incremental weight selector. The incremental weight selector is liftable by a weight lift and has a lever movable between a lowered position and a raised position to actuate the selector between an engaged position engaging the incremental weight such that the incremental weight is liftable with a first weight by the weight lift and a disengaged position disengaged from the incremental weight such that the first weight is liftable independent of the incremental weight.

Abstract: An exercise device includes first and second coupling systems at each comprise a flexible element. In one implementation, the exercise device further comprises a step height adjustment mechanism. The flexible element of the first and second coupling systems couples at least one crank to a right foot support and a left foot support. The step height adjustment mechanism allows a person to adjust a step height of a path through which the left and right foot supports move.

Abstract: An exercise device comprises first and second crank arms configured to rotate 180 degrees out of phase with respect to one another about a first axis; a track; first and second foot links, first and second footpads carried by the first and second foot links between the first link portion and the second link portion and first and second front arms. Each of the first and second foot links has a first link portion that moves along the track while pivoting. Each of the first and second front arms has a first arm portion pivotally coupled to one of the foot links and a second arm portion pivotally coupled one of the crank arms. In one embodiment, a disc rotates in response to movement of the first foot link along the track, wherein a magnet facing the disc forms an eddy brake.

Abstract: An elliptical exercise device including a frame having a pivot axis, a foot link, a coupling, a swing arm, an engagement mechanism, and a guide system. The foot link has rearward, forward and foot support portions. The foot support portion has a central location. The coupling couples the rearward portion to the pivot axis so that the rearward portion of each foot link travels in a closed path relative to the pivot axis. The engagement mechanism has a first portion coupled to the swing arm and a second portion coupled to the foot link at a location rearward of the central location. The guide system supports the forward portion of the foot link along a preselected reciprocating path of travel as the rearward portion of the foot link travels along its path of travel. The guide system is selectably positionable in a plurality of different positions.