Abstract: An overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent having a basicity index of less than 2 and a degree of carbonation of 80% or greater is disclosed. The overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent reduces asphaltene precipitation or ‘black paint’ in a marine diesel engine.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition comprising oil of lubricating viscosity and an overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent manufactured in the presence of an amine- or ester-based friction modifier.

Abstract: A check valve (10) includes a valve housing (14) having at least one valve opening (16). At least one petal (12) is located in the valve housing (14) and is configured to substantially cover the at least one valve opening (16) when the at least one petal (12) is in a closed position. The at least one petal (12) is rotable about a hinge axis (22) toward an open position thereby allowing fluid to flow through the at least one valve opening (16). The check valve (10) includes at least one compliant petal stop (24), (36) to prevent rotation of the at least one petal (12) beyond the open position.

Abstract: An overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent having a basicity index of less than 2 and a degree of carbonation of 80% or greater is disclosed. The overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent reduces asphaltene precipitation or ‘black paint’ in a marine diesel engine.

Abstract: A method of improving the compatibility of an overbased detergent with other additives in a lubricating oil composition. The method includes the step of adding an oil-soluble, hydrocarbyl sulphonic acid to the detergent.

Abstract: A method of reducing asphaltene precipitation or ‘black paint’ in an engine is disclosed. The method includes the step of lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising: an oil of lubricating viscosity in a major amount; and, a salicylate detergent system in a minor amount comprising one or more neutral or overbased alkaline earth metal C22 hydrocarbyl substituted salicylates.

Abstract: A detergent including one or more neutral or overbased alkaline earth metal C10 to C40 hydrocarbyl substituted hydroxybenzoates, in which: (i) the one or more neutral or overbased alkaline earth metal C10 to C40 hydrocarbyl substituted hydroxybenzoates is or includes one or more C10 to C40 hydrocarb-1-yl substituted hydroxybenzoates; or, (ii) greater than 50 mole % of the one or more neutral or overbased alkaline earth metal C10 to C40 hydrocarbyl substituted hydroxybenzoates, based on the total number of moles of said C10 to C40 hydrocarbyl substituted hydroxybenzoates, is or includes one or more C10 to C40 hydrocarb-2-yl substituted hydroxybenzoates.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition comprising a Group II basestock and a neutral or overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent having a basicity index of less than 2.

Abstract: An overbased metal sulphonate detergent having incorporated therein at least one friction modifier including at least one amine group.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition comprising oil of lubricating viscosity and an overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent manufactured in the presence of an amine- or ester-based friction modifier.

Abstract: An intake manifold 7 for an internal combustion engine is provided which has an intake venturi passage 34 for throttled passage of filtered air into a plenum 44. A crankcase ventilation passage 70 is provided having a first end 72 intersecting with the venturi passage 34 and a second end 74 intersecting with an outer boundary of the manifold. A heat pipe 82 is adjacent a major portion of the crankcase ventilation passage 70 between the first and second ends 72, 74 for transfer of thermal energy to prevent freeze up in the crankcase ventilation passage 70.

Abstract: An air distribution valve for use in a passageway of an environmental control system. The air distribution valve comprises a valve body including an input and multiple outputs defining a volume. The valve body is adapted for placement in the passageway for receiving the air in the input. A valve member is used for selectively distributing the air between the multiple outputs. Damping devices for damping the unstabilizing effect of the air flow on the valve member as the air flows to the multiple outlets allow, allowing for the lowest pressure drop configuration. An environmental control system designed for use with a vehicle includes an air cycle machine for conditioning air, ducting for distributing the air within the vehicle for a plurality of uses, and an air distribution valve for use in the ducting. The air distribution valve comprises a valve body including an input and multiple outputs defining a volume. The valve body is adapted for placement in the passageway for receiving the air in the input.