Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that provide smart alerts to users, e.g., alerts to users about diabetic states that are only provided when it makes sense to do so, e.g., when the system can predict or estimate that the user is not already cognitively aware of their current condition, e.g., particularly where the current condition is a diabetic state warranting attention. In this way, the alert or alarm is personalized and made particularly effective for that user. Such systems and methods still alert the user when action is necessary, e.g., a bolus or temporary basal rate change, or provide a response to a missed bolus or a need for correction, but do not alert when action is unnecessary, e.g., if the user is already estimated or predicted to be cognitively aware of the diabetic state warranting attention, or if corrective action was already taken.

Abstract: There is described a demand valve for a breathing apparatus with a “first breath” mechanism, wherein a demand valve is held closed by resiliently latching an operating diaphragm of the valve in a position wherein the valve is closed. The diaphragm is resiliently biased towards opening the valve, and the resilient latch is arranged to exert sufficient force so as not to be overcome by the resilient bias alone, but so as to be overcome by the combination of the resilient bias and a predetermined pressure difference across the diaphragm caused by sub-ambient pressure within the facepiece of the breathing apparatus.

Abstract: There is described a demand valve for a breathing apparatus with a “first breath” mechanism, wherein a demand valve is held closed by resiliently latching an operating diaphragm of the valve in a position wherein the valve is closed. The diaphragm is resiliently biased towards opening the valve, and the resilient latch is arranged to exert sufficient force so as not to be overcome by the resilient bias alone, but so as to be overcome by the combination of the resilient bias and a predetermined pressure difference across the diaphragm caused by sub-ambient pressure within the facepiece of the breathing apparatus.

Abstract: There is described a demand valve for a breathing apparatus wherein a pilot jet of the demand valve is controlled by a pivoting lever resiliently held against a planar face in which the pilot jet is formed. The pilot jet is preferably formed in a land surface surrounded by a recessed area of the planar face, and opening of the pilot jet is effected by movement of a control projection mounted on the pivoting lever. The area of the control projection is preferably greater than the area of the land surface.

Abstract: There is described a recharging valve for a breathing apparatus comprising a reservoir of breathable gas under pressure, a stop valve, a pressure reducing valve, and a facepiece for supplying gas to a wearer. The recharging valve comprises inlet means connectable to a supply of breathable gas at a pressure greater than that of the gas in the reservoir, outlet means for supplying gas from the inlet means to the reservoir, and valve means responsive to the pressure in the reservoir to control the flow of gas from the inlet to the outlet means.

Abstract: There is described a demand valve for a breathing apparatus wherein a pilot jet of the demand valve is controlled by a pivoting lever resiliently held against a planar face in which the pilot jet is formed. The pilot jet is preferably formed in a land surface surrounded by a recessed area of the planar face, and opening of the pilot jet is effected by movement of a control projection mounted on the pivoting lever. The area of the control projection is preferably greater than the area of the land surface.

Abstract: A positive pressure demand valve for breathing apparatus incorporates a tubular "balanced piston" valve member for regulating the flow of breathing gas from an inlet to an outlet. A coaxial tension spring acts to bias the valve member open and a lever coupled to a pressure-responsive diaphragm acts to push the valve member closed when a predetermined pressure is attained within the outlet. A combined pressure-relief and bypass valve member enables the operation of the main valve member to be bypassed by porting gas through the center of the main valve seat. A "first breath" mechanism is provided comprising a hooked link which can be pressed in by a button to maintain the main valve member closed and can be released by contact by the diaphragm when a negative pressure is applied to the outlet. The outlet is in the form of a bayonet connector which is locked into a corresponding inlet fitting on the user's mask by means of the same button.

Abstract: A process for the production of ethylene from a methane rich gas stream and an ethane rich gas stream. The process comprises the steps of:(a) introducing the methane rich gas stream together with molecular oxygen into a lower zone of a fluidized-bed of particles which are catalytically active in promoting an exothermic oxidative coupling reaction to produce ethylene and other hydrocarbons,(b) mixing the ethane rich gas stream into the fluidized-bed above the level at which substantially all of the molecular oxygen has been consumed, and(c) subjecting the mixture resulting from step (b) to an endothermic pyrolysis reaction in an upper zone of the fluidized-bed to produce further ethylene and other olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons.The process is characterized in that the pyrolysis step (c) is carried out substantially without the addition of heat to the reactor, other than the heat content of the methane rich and ethane rich gas streams and the heat generated by the exothermic oxidative coupling reaction.

Abstract: There is disclosed a pilot operated valve which includes a valve body, a main valve having a main valve member controlling fluid communication between an inlet port and an outlet port, a pilot valve including a vent passage sensing downstream pressure to open and close the main valve member as the sensed pressure is above or below a predetermined pressure, and selectively operable override means to suspend pilot operation of the valve. The override means may be means to occlude the vent passage and thus close the main valve, means to open the vent passage to atmosphere and thus open the main valve, or means to bypass the main valve.

Abstract: A pressure regulator comprises a housing (1) defining first and second chambers separated by a movable partition (4,5), the first chamber being provided with an inlet port (2) facing towards and sealingly closeable by a rigid central portion (5) of the partition at a position remote from its centroid and an outlet port (3), and the second chamber being vented (7) to a reference pressure, the regulator including means (8) extending between the housing and the central portion (5) of the partition to define a pivot axis for the partition extending between its centroid and the position of the inlet port (2). The partition (4,5) may be a tilting diaphragm or a piston (D) with a peripheral sealing element (S). The pivot axis for the partition may be defined by a fixed pivot pin (20), or by projections (8) extending across the first chamber to abut the partition (4,5).

Abstract: An area of a seam is defined and a series of shot locations and detectors are arranged along one side of the area to determine reflected signals. Transmitted signals are also received from a line of shot locations on the other side of the area. The signals received are processed according to an adaptive lag-summing technique to give a map showing the geological faults in the seam.

Abstract: Faults in a mineral seam are located by an in-seam seismic technique which involves locating shots and detectors in the seam and firing the shots sequentially. The detectors pick up the reflections of the shots from faults and a common reflection point is determined by analyzing the seismic traces from the detectors.

Abstract: A valve, notably for use as a demand valve in breathing apparatus, has a pressure-responsive diaphragm coupled to a separate control member which lies in the path of a jet of gas which vents from a control chamber through an orifice, gas being continuously supplied to the control chamber. Deflection of the diaphragm in response to pressure changes in a second chamber caused by inhalation and exhalation of the user of the apparatus pivots the control member towards or away from the jet orifice to control the rate of venting from the control chamber and thereby vary the pressure within the control chamber. Flow of gas through the valve to the user of the apparatus is controlled by a flexible disc which in turn responds to the pressure in the control chamber. By employing a separate diaphragm and control member the former can be optimized for pressure-response while the latter can be optimized for valve-regulation by interaction with the gas jet from the control chamber.