Abstract: The invention provides a composition of particulate materials. The composition comprises lanthanum chloride in particulate form. The composition also comprises up to about 4% by weight of amorphous silica in particulate form, based on the combined weight of the lanthanum chloride and the amorphous silica. The addition of amorphous silica to desiccated lanthanum chloride forms a fine coating or barrier on the outer surfaces of the individual lanthanum crystals, providing a composition that is significantly more stable and able to resist coalescence of particles than pure desiccated lanthanum chloride.

Abstract: A base member for a water treatment chemical dispensing container comprises a centrally located raised portion having a top and sides that depend from the top. It further comprises a base portion surrounding the raised portion and relative to which the raised portion is raised such that the sides of the raised portion extend at least between the base portion and the top of the raised portion. A peripheral wall bordering and thus extending around the base portion, with a channel thus being defined around the raised portion between sides of the raised portion and the peripheral wall, is also provided. The top of the raised portion comprises a hollow, operatively upwardly open receptacle. Furthermore, one or more apertures are provided in the sides of the raised portion, adjacent to the top.

Abstract: A method of dissolving a soluble disinfectant in solid format in a stream of water flowing in flow path, to provide an aqueous disinfectant solution in the flow path, includes directing a stream of water along the flow path toward a disinfectant dissolution zone in a disinfectant dispensing device located in the flow path. In the disinfectant dissolution zone, soluble disinfectant in solid format is located. Water of the stream of water contacts the disinfectant in the dissolution zone and thus dissolves of the disinfectant, thereby forming a disinfectant solution in the flow path in the dispensing device.

Abstract: A method of treating water includes directing a stream of water towards a lateral side of a water treatment substance body contained within a holder. The water stream serves to abrade the water treatment substance body, thereby to dose the water with the water treatment substance. Dosed water is thus formed. The dosed water is allowed to pass through at least one opening in the holder.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition of particulate materials. The composition comprises lanthanum chloride in particulate form. The composition also comprises up to about 4% by weight of amorphous silica in particulate form, based on the combined weight of the lanthanum chloride and the amorphous silica. The addition of amorphous silica to desiccated lanthanum chloride forms a fine coating or barrier on the outer surfaces of the individual lanthanum crystals, providing a composition that is significantly more stable and able to resist coalescence of particles than pure desiccated lanthanum chloride.

Abstract: A method of treating water includes directing a stream of water towards a lateral side of a water treatment substance body contained within a holder. The water stream serves to abrade the water treatment substance body, thereby to dose the water with the water treatment substance. Dosed water is thus formed. The dosed water is allowed to pass through at least one opening in the holder.

Abstract: A method of treating water includes directing a stream of water towards a lateral side of a water treatment substance body contained within a holder. The water stream serves to abrade the water treatment substance body, thereby to dose the water with the water treatment substance. Dosed water is thus formed. The dosed water is allowed to pass through at least one opening in the holder.

Abstract: The invention provides a dispenser to dispense, in operation, particulate, soluble chemical agent, by dissolution, from a compacted or compressed harm thereof, into liquid that flows along a flow path. The dispenser comprises a body defining a liquid treatment chamber, an inlet to the liquid treatment chamber, through which inlet feed liquid can, in operation, continuously be ted into the treatment chamber, and an outlet from the treatment chamber, through which outlet product liquid, containing dissolved chemical agent can, in operation, continuously leave the treatment chamber.

Abstract: A method of treating water includes introducing a chemical dispenser containing a water treatment substance, into a body of water so that the dispenser is located at a first level in the water. Water enters the dispenser through an aperture with the water coming into contact with the water treatment substance, and an active ingredient thus being released into the water. Active ingredient is thereby dispersed into the body of water at the first level. The dispensing of active ingredient into the body of water at the first level is continued for a period of time. Thereafter, the dispenser is allowed to rise to a second higher level in the body of water. For a further period of time, active ingredient is dispensed from the dispenser into the body of water at the second level.