Abstract: In lossy based lossless coding a PCM audio signal passes through a lossy encoder to a lossy decoder. The lossy encoder provides a lossy bit stream. The lossy decoder also provides side information that is used to control the coefficients of a prediction filter that de-correlates the difference signal between the PCM signal and the lossy decoder output. The de-correlated difference signal is lossless encoded, providing an extension bit stream. Instead of, or in addition to, de-correlating in the time domain, a de-correlation in the frequency domain using spectral whitening can be performed. The lossy encoded bit stream together with the lossless encoded extension bit stream form a lossless encoded bitstream. The invention facilitates enhancing a lossy perceptual audio encoding/decoding by an extension that enables mathematically exact reproduction of the original waveform, and provides additional data for reconstructing at decoder site an intermediate-quality audio signal.

Abstract: In lossy based lossless coding a PCM audio signal passes through a lossy encoder to a lossy decoder. The lossy encoder provides a lossy bit stream. The difference signal between the PCM signal and the lossy decoder output is lossless encoded, providing an extension bit stream. The invention facilitates enhancing a lossy perceptual audio encoding/decoding by an extension that enables mathematically exact reproduction of the original waveform using enhanced de-correlation, and provides additional data for reconstructing at decoder site an intermediate-quality audio signal. The lossless extension can be used to extend the widely used mp3 encoding/decoding to lossless encoding/decoding and superior quality mp3 encoding/de-coding.

Abstract: A method and device detect a position of a pulsed mechanical effect on a plant component. An operating noise in the plant component is continuously recorded by sensors which are arranged on the plant component and converted by the above into a measured signal. The measured signals of the sensors undergo a transformation in a first time window. A first evaluation function is derived from a plurality of first transformations determined in this manner, the evaluation functions display an appearance of the pulsed mechanical effect. Accordingly, when detecting an effect following the second shorter time window having the same algorithms, second transformed and respectively, second evaluation functions are derived, from which, respectively, one time point is determined. Wherein the sound signal produced by the effect impacts upon the sensor. From there, running time differences produced between the sensors can be exactly reconstructed on the position of the effect.

Abstract: At the time of encoding audio content, the finally required data rate for delivery to the customer may be unknown. A data format is disclosed that is optimized for serving as Intermediate Format for efficient and fast recoding, to obtain one or more standard complying lossy encoded data streams with flexible data rates. Encoding can be performed in two steps that are inter-coordinated for cooperating, but may be locally and/or temporally separate. Between the partial encoders encoding parameters and/or auxiliary data are transmitted in a separate parameter enhancement layer, which complements a lossy data stream and can be used by the second encoder or transcoder for fast and computationally efficient implementation of the second encoding step. An additional lossless enhancement layer allows lossless reconstruction.

Abstract: A method and a device for detecting a pulse-type mechanical effect at a system component, include continuously recording an operating noise in the system component with a sensor disposed at the system component and converting the operating noise with the sensor into a measured signal subjected to a mathematical transformation. A sliding mean is calculated by determining quantiles from determined transformations and an evaluation function, which displays an application of the pulse-type mechanical effect on the system component, is derived from the sliding mean.

Abstract: To form an audio signal, frequency components of the audio signal which are allotted to a first subband are formed by means of a subband decoder using supplied fundamental period values which respectively indicate a fundamental period for the audio signal. Frequency components of the audio signal which are allotted to a second subband are formed by exciting an audio synthesis filter using an excitation signal which is specific to the second subband. To produce this excitation signal, an excitation signal generator derives a fundamental period parameter from the fundamental period values. The fundamental period parameter is used by the excitation signal generator to form pulses with a pulse shape which is dependent on the fundamental period parameter at an interval of time which is determined by the fundamental period parameter and to mix them with a noise signal.

Abstract: According to the invention, an excitation signal is generated as a result of sampled excitation values in order to excite an audio synthesis filter, the generated sampled excitation values being continuously stored in an adaptive codebook. A noise generator is provided which continuously generates random sampled values. A sequence of the stored sampled excitation values is selected from the adaptive codebook based on a fed audio fundamental frequency parameter by means of which a time gap between the sequence that is to be selected and the actual time reference is predefined. The excitation signal is generated by mixing the selected sequence with a random sequence encompassing actual random sampled valued of the noise generator.

Abstract: A method and device detect a position of a pulsed mechanical effect on a plant component. An operating noise in the plant component is continuously recorded by sensors which are arranged on the plant component and converted by the above into a measured signal. The measured signals of the sensors undergo a transformation in a first time window. A first evaluation function is derived from a plurality of first transformations determined in this manner, the evaluation functions display an appearance of the pulsed mechanical effect. Accordingly, when detecting an effect following the second shorter time window having the same algorithms, second transformed and respectively, second evaluation functions are derived, from which, respectively, one time point is determined. Wherein the sound signal produced by the effect impacts upon the sensor. From there, running time differences produced between the sensors can be exactly reconstructed on the position of the effect.

Abstract: A method for the artificial extension of the bandwidth of speech signals involves: a) Provision of a wideband input speech signal (swbi(k)); b) Determination of the signal components (seb(k)) of the wideband input speech signal (swbi(k)) required for the bandwidth extension from an extension band from the wideband input speech signal (swbi(k)); c) Determination of the temporal envelopes of the signal components (seb(k)) determined for the bandwidth extension; d) Determination of the spectral envelopes of the signal components (seb(k)) determined for bandwidth extension; e) Encoding of the information for the temporal envelopes and the spectral envelopes, and provision of the encoded information by carrying out the extension of the bandwidth; f) Decoding of the encoded information and generation of the temporal envelopes and the spectral envelopes from the encoded information for the production of a bandwidth-extended output speech signal (swbo(k)).

Abstract: A collector line for leakage monitoring and leakage location at a plant includes a carrier tube having a wall with openings formed therein, which are sealed with silicone rubber. This makes it possible to use the collector line during low ambient temperatures. A device and a method for leakage monitoring and leakage location and a pipeline having a collector line, are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and an apparatus for synthetic widening of the bandwidth of voice signals. This is done by providing a narrowband voice signal at a predetermined sampling rate; carrying out analysis filtering on the sampled voice signal using filter coefficients, which are estimated from the sampled voice signal, for envelope widening; carrying out residual signal widening on the analysis-filtered voice signal; and carrying out synthesis filtering on the residual-signal-widened voice signal in order to produce a broader band voice signal. The analysis filtering is carried out using identical filter coefficients to those used for the synthesis filtering.

Abstract: A method and device for detection of a pulsed mechanical effect on a plant component includes continuously recording an operating noise in the plant component with a sensor disposed on the plant component and converting the recorded noise into a measured signal with the sensor. Then, the measured signal is subjected to a Fourier transformation. An evaluation function is derived from a number of value spectra determined in the above manner, which gives the onset of a pulsed mechanical effect on the plant component.

Abstract: A device for identifying and locating leaks has a permeable collecting line, a pump provided for pumping a transport medium through the line, and at least one sensor for detecting a substance that escapes in the event of a leakage. There are provided sources of a detectable gas, which, as way-points, are located at a distance from one another at known locations along the collecting line. A sensor for detecting the gas is spatially assigned to each sensor that is provided for detecting the escaping substance.

Abstract: A method and device for detection of a pulsed mechanical effect on a plant component includes continuously recording an operating noise in the plant component with a sensor disposed on the plant component and converting the recorded noise into a measured signal with the sensor. Then, the measured signal is subjected to a Fourier transformation. An evaluation function is derived from a number of value spectra determined in the above manner, which gives the onset of a pulsed mechanical effect on the plant component.

Abstract: A sensor tube for determining a concentration profile of a substance along a certain distance. The invention provides that an outer, hard, pressure-resistant tube is lined on the inside by a diffusion layer which is permeable to the substance. Holes extending from outside to the diffusion layer are arranged in the outer tube.

Abstract: A device for identifying and locating leaks has a permeable collecting line, a pump provided for pumping a transport medium through the line, and at least one sensor for detecting a substance that escapes in the event of a leakage. There are provided sources of a detectable gas, which, as way-points, are located at a distance from one another at known locations along the collecting line. A sensor for detecting the gas is spatially assigned to each sensor that is provided for detecting the escaping substance.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and an apparatus for synthetic widening of the bandwidth of voice signals. This is done by providing a narrowband voice signal at a predetermined sampling rate; carrying out analysis filtering on the sampled voice signal using filter coefficients, which are estimated from the sampled voice signal, for envelope widening; carrying out residual signal widening on the analysis-filtered voice signal; and carrying out synthesis filtering on the residual-signal-widened voice signal in order to produce a broader band voice signal. The analysis filtering is carried out using identical filter coefficients to those used for the synthesis filtering.

Abstract: A given volume of a test substance is provided into a monitoring line which is filled with a test medium (e.g. air). The line extends along a path for determining concentration profiles of certain substances along the path. For the purpose of transporting a column of test medium through the monitoring line, the pressure in the monitoring line is increased by switching on a pressure pump or, for the same purpose--in an alternative embodiment--the pressure is reduced by switching on a suction pump. A given metering volume of the test substance is automatically released in the monitoring line when the pressure goes beyond a given pressure threshold. The release of the given metering volume of the test substance, after it has been carried along the monitoring line by the column of test medium, results in a test peak for reference reading calibration in a sensor which responds to the test substance and which is connected to the monitoring line.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for detecting and locating leaks in a nuclear plant, in particular a pipeline in a nuclear plant, include a collection line which is permeable to a substance to be detected and which communicates with a pump and with a sensor for the substance. The sensor has a detector for detecting the radioactivity of the substance or a branch line which communicates with a detector for detecting radioactivity branches off upstream of the sensor. If a radioactive substance reaches the collection line and penetrates it, then the location of the leak can be determined from the instant at which the radioactive substance reaches the detector.

Abstract: A device and a method for leakage detection and leakage location in an installation, in particular in a pipeline, include a collecting line which is permeable to a substance and is connected to a pump and to a sensor for the substance. A metal wire is disposed outside and along the collecting line and is connected to a negative pole of a direct current source. When a solution, for example salt water, emerges from a leak in a pipeline, a gas, in particular hydrogen, is obtained by electrolysis at the metal wire. A concentration maximum of the gas in the collecting line is then detected and located.