Abstract: A method for ascertaining the total mass of an electrically drivable vehicle includes: ascertaining, for a purely electrically driven vehicle, a total mass of the vehicle on the basis of Newton's second law, taking into account a slope and a travel speed of the vehicle. As an alternative or in addition, a compression travel within a subassembly of the occupied vehicle is measured, and the total mass of the vehicle is inferred from a predefined or previously ascertained stiffness of the compression travel, taking into account a current weight distribution.

Abstract: A method for automatically controlling the gear of a gearshift of an electric bicycle. At least one actual operating parameter of a drive component of the electric bicycle is recorded by recording an operating variable of the drive component. The at least one actual operating parameter is compared to a setpoint default, which reflects an operating point of the electric drive, which is linked to a higher efficiency, a greater reliability or a greater durability of components of the electric drive or of the drive component than in response to an operation according to the at least one actual operating parameter. The at least one actual operating parameter is approximated to the setpoint default by changing the gear. A corresponding device for automatically controlling the gear is also described.

Abstract: An electric motor has a stator and a coil which is arranged within the stator housing and whose winding can be energized via a connection line system. A cooling plate is arranged outside the interior of the stator, and on the outer side of said cooling plate a carrier plate for motor electronics is arranged, to which carrier plate the connection line system is connected. The connection line system is led from the inside to the outside through a recess in the cooling plate and is electrically connected to the carrier plate.

Abstract: An electric motor has a stator and a coil which is arranged within the stator housing and whose winding can be energized via a connection line system. A cooling plate is arranged outside the interior of the stator, and on the outer side of said cooling plate a carrier plate for motor electronics is arranged, to which carrier plate the connection line system is connected. The connection line system is led from the inside to the outside through a recess in the cooling plate and is electrically connected to the carrier plate.

Abstract: A method for automatically controlling the gear of a gearshift of an electric bicycle. At least one actual operating parameter of a drive component of the electric bicycle is recorded by recording an operating variable of the drive component. The at least one actual operating parameter is compared to a setpoint default, which reflects an operating point of the electric drive, which is linked to a higher efficiency, a greater reliability or a greater durability of components of the electric drive or of the drive component than in response to an operation according to the at least one actual operating parameter. The at least one actual operating parameter is approximated to the setpoint default by changing the gear. A corresponding device for automatically controlling the gear is also described.

Abstract: A bicycle includes an electrical auxiliary drive, including an electric motor, a battery for storing electrical energy, which battery is connected to the electric motor, a crank mechanism having pedal cranks, which are mounted on a pedal crankshaft disposed about a crank axis, so as to be able to rotate, and a planetary gear for driving the bicycle both by the electric motor and by the muscle power of a driver, the planetary gear and the electric motor being disposed about the pedal crankshaft of the crank mechanism.

Abstract: In a circuit module having components that are fastened to a substrate, the substrate includes a carrier layer made of metal and having a first surface, a first insulating layer bordering directly on the carrier layer being situated on the first surface. The substrate also includes a first wiring layer bordering directly on the first insulating layer, which conducts electrically and is situated on the first insulating layer. The substrate includes a first contact plane, which runs along the first surface, at least one of the components being directly connected electrically to the carrier layer in the first contact plane.

Abstract: A drive device having an electric motor and an electronic control system for the electric motor, the electronic control system being disposed on a circuit carrier. Provision is made that the circuit carrier is a mechanical component, or part of a mechanical component, of the electric motor.

Abstract: An electrical contacting device, e.g., for electronic circuits, has an electrically non-conductive substrate on which at least one electrically conductive contact element is situated. The contacting device is designed as a touch contacting device, while the substrate is made of or has an elastically resilient material for applying a contact pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a control unit (4) having at least one base (1) and a circuit carrier (2) associated therewith and a cover (3), which closes the control unit, wherein said control unit can be brought to a desired temperature with the aid of a substrate which dissipates heat and/or components which dissipate heat. The substrate is received by cooling paths at least inside the control unit.

Abstract: An electronic module includes a first substrate having at least one electronic component, and a housing embedded in the substrate and designed as an injection molded housing or a transfer molded housing, and which includes electrical leads protruding from the housing, connected to the first substrate and designed as a pressed screen. At least one further second substrate provided with second electrical is embedded in the housing, the second leads being designed as a second pressed screen, and the two pressed screens being directly connected to each other in at least one location.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat sink (1) with a main body (2) for accommodating at least one electronic structural element (5), and with a spring element (3) for pressing the structural element (5) against the main body (2), whereby the spring element (3) is held on the main body (2) by a connecting means. It is provided that the connecting means are configured as a push-on connection (15) and have a projection (7) on the main body (2) and a mounting opening (14) in the spring element (3) for the projection (7), whereby the opening edge (23) of the mounting opening (14) bears, at least in sections, against the lateral surface of the projection (7) under preload resulting from the intrinsic elasticity of the spring element (3) and/or the projection (7).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat sink (1) with a main body (2) for accommodating at least one electronic structural element (5), and with a spring element (3) for pressing the structural element (5) against the main body (2), whereby the spring element (3) is held on the main body (2) by a connecting means. It is provided that the connecting means are configured as a push-on connection (15) and have a projection (7) on the main body (2) and a mounting opening (14) in the spring element (3) for the projection (7), whereby the opening edge (23) of the mounting opening (14) bears, at least in sections, against the lateral surface of the projection (7) under preload resulting from the intrinsic elasticity of the spring element (3) and/or the projection (7).

Abstract: A device for the transcutaneous electrochemical determination of the partial oxygen pressure in blood, comprising a measuring head which includes at least three measuring cells of the Clark-type, comprising periodically actuated heating elements, the actuation of the heating elements being realized at a phase difference such that always at least one measuring cell provides a reliable measuring value.