Abstract: An electro-optical range finder (4) having a trapezoidal laser (1) as a laser source, a laser source controller (6) for generating pulsed laser radiation, receiving optics (7) and a detector (8) with an evaluation unit (9) for receiving and evaluating the measuring radiation (RS) reflected by a target (ZI), in order to measure distance, has a separate supply for the guided waveguide region (2) and the trapezoidal region (3) as well as transmitting optics (5) with astigmatism compensation and for collimating the laser radiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a positioning method for determining the position and orientation of a mobile unit having a receiver (3?, whereby the receiver (3) is detected by a scanner (2), said scanner (2? determining at least the distance and a direction in relation to the receiver (3). The radiation emitted by the sensor is detected by the receiver (3? and the direction of incidence of radiation and the direction of incidence of radiation in relation to an axis of reception are derived while an offset of the incident radiation in relation to the axis of reception (EA) is determined. Position and orientation of the unit are derived from at least the distance, the direction in relation to the receiver (3?), the offset and the direction of incidence as the position information and the unit is optionally controlled via the optical connection (OV).

Abstract: A target plate (Z) according to the invention for positioning components, in particular pipes (R1, R2), has a holographic optical element as a holographic diffusor. By means of the diffusor, radiation striking the target plate (Z) in the form of a reference beam (RS) can be guided very accurately and virtually without loss into a defined solid angle region (d?). Furthermore, the diffusor may have stochastically distributed structures and thus illuminate the solid angle region (d?) homogeneously. By means of the target plate (Z), the visibility of the incident reference beam (RS) is increased, and the reference beam (RS) can also be detected independently of position.

Abstract: An application controller for an application unit, for marking substances comprises a radiation sensor, by means of which the relative position of the application unit relative to a reference plane may be determined. The relative position of the application unit can be determined by means for recording the orientation of the application unit controller relative to the reference plane from the association of position with orientation information, such that control instructions, in particular for positional correction may be generated by the application unit controller. The position of the application unit can be adjusted by an actuator device according to the control instructions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a distance meter, particularly for telescope arrays in ground-based or space-based applications for detecting surfaces. Said distance meter comprises at least one radiation source for emitting electromagnetic radiation on to a target that is to be measured, a receiver unit with a sensor for receiving the radiation reflected by the target and deriving distance data, and a first spectral filter component. According to the invention, the angular spread of reception of the reflected radiation is limited by means of at least one spatial filter component, especially a fiber laser as a radiation source and receiver component.

Abstract: A reference beam generator (1) for guiding a field marker for ground markings has a support element (11) which can be positioned in a defined manner relative to the Earth's surface, a laser diode and beam guidance means for the emission of the radiation (LS) to at least one reference target (4), the radiation (LS) being emitted with an asymmetrical beam cross-section (5), in particular in the form of a fan, and the beam guidance means being adjustable in a defined manner relative to the support element (11). The radiation (LS) can be aligned with the reference target (4) by an optical detection component for detecting and providing the radiation reflected by the reference target, in particular a telescope (12).

Abstract: Disclosed is a distance meter, particularly for telescope arrays in ground-based or space-based applications for detecting surfaces. Said distance meter comprises at least one radiation source for emitting electromagnetic radiation (ES) onto a target that is to be measured, a receiver unit with a sensor (11) for receiving the radiation (S) reflected by the target and deriving distance data, and a first spectral filter component (4) According to the invention, the angular spread of reception of the reflected radiation (S) is limited by means of at least one spatial filter component (6?), especially a fiber laser as a radiation source and receiver component.

Abstract: A target plate (Z) according to the invention for positioning components, in particular pipes (R1, R2), has a holographic optical element as a holographic diffusor. By means of the diffusor, radiation striking the target plate (Z) in the form of a reference beam (RS) can be guided very accurately and virtually without loss into a defined solid angle region (d?). Furthermore, the diffusor may have stochastically distributed structures and thus illuminate the solid angle region (d?) homogeneously. By means of the target plate (Z), the visibility of the incident reference beam (RS) is increased, and the reference beam (RS) can also be detected independently of position.

Abstract: A reference beam generator (1) for guiding a field marker for ground markings has a support element (11) which can be positioned in a defined manner relative to the Earth's surface, a laser diode and beam guidance means for the emission of the radiation (LS) to at least one reference target (4), the radiation (LS) being emitted with an asymmetrical beam cross-section (5), in particular in the form of a fan, and the beam guidance means being adjustable in a defined manner relative to the support element (11). The radiation (LS) can be aligned with the reference target (4) by an optical detection component for detecting and providing the radiation reflected by the reference target, in particular a telescope (12).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for high-precision fixing of a miniaturized component (1), in particular having a microoptical element (2), on a predetermined fixing section (3) of a support plate (4) by a solder joint. The support plate is formed throughout from a metallic material and has a cut-out region (10) which encloses the fixing section (3), is bridged by at least one connecting web (9) of the support plate (4), keeps the heat transfer from the fixing section (3) to the remaining support plate low and compensates lateral thermal expansions of the fixing section (3). Solder material (8) is applied on the top of the fixing section (3). The method comprises in particular the steps: arrangement of the component (1) above the fixing section (3), the solder material (8) and the base (7) of the component (1) being present in opposite positions without contact and forming a space.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical inclinometer. According to the invention, an incline-dependent medium, e.g. a liquid surface, is positioned in the pupil of an optical subsystem and a detectable wave front is imaged onto a detector by means of said medium. A phase displacement of radiation emitted from a radiation source is caused by said medium; the interaction of the radiation and the medium can take place during reflection or transmission. An aberration of the wave front caused by the medium can be analyzed by means of a wave front sensor and compensated by an evaluation unit or the detector. A wave front sensor having a diffractive structure formed upstream of each subaperture is compact and increases the resolution and the detectable angular region of the inclinometer.

Abstract: An optical device (20) is provided using at least one film (23) of cholesteric liquid crystal to reflect at least one predetermined wavelength band from an incident light. This device is characterized in that a non zero birefringence gradient is present in a portion or the entire thickness of said film. The gradient may be obtained in particular by superposing layers (24a-24j) having increasing or decreasing respective birefringence coefficients. The birefringence gradient has the effect of removing the lateral bands of the reflection spectrum, hence making the color of the reflected light more brilliant and more saturated. The effect is particularly advantageous in the case of the color red, for which the lateral band located on the yellow side is perceived strongly by the human eye.

Abstract: The invention concerns a liquid crystal display device intended, in particular, to form a colour image display screen, of the type including: a first substrate which is transparent on a front side situated on the side of the viewer; and a second substrate arranged on a back side facing the first substrate and extending parallel to the latter. The first substrate is connected to the second substrate in order to delimit between them a cavity in which at least one film of liquid crystal is arranged. The liquid crystal has at least a first state in which it reflects the light of a range of wavelengths of a predetermined colour and at least a second state in which it is transparent. The surface of each substrate facing the other substrate includes electrodes to allow the liquid crystal to pass at least from the first state to the second state or conversely, by selective application of a control voltage to the electrodes.

Abstract: A force measuring device comprises at least one gauge element which, at least, in some regions, is conceived as a spring element, the deformation of which changes the volume of liquid contained in a chamber delimited by the gauge element; the spring elements are equal to each other in every respect and so positioned that the spring characteristic is the same for all of them that the deformation remains in the linear domain of the spring characteristic and that the local change of volume of the chamber is proportional to the deformation of the respective spring element.