Abstract: A rotational viscometer for measuring a viscosity of substances contains a measuring shaft and a hollow shaft which is driven by a drive. The measuring shaft is arranged within the hollow shaft. A measuring body is arranged at one end of the measuring shaft and can be supplied with a sample. A coupling element is provided for connecting the hollow shaft to the measuring shaft. An angle measuring unit is arranged relative to the measuring shaft such that an angular difference and/or a rotational phase difference between the hollow shaft and the measuring shaft can be measured. The hollow shaft and the measuring shaft end opposite the measuring body and protrude into a housing. The coupling element is arranged in the housing, and the housing and the coupling element are connected to the measuring shaft and to the hollow shaft such that the housing is removable from the rotational viscometer.

Abstract: A method for determining the viscosity of materials uses a rotation viscosimeter having a measuring shaft connected through a coupling element to a drive and a measuring element on a shaft end applied to a sample. An angle measuring unit measures an angle deflection between drive and shaft. The measuring element is immersed in a measuring container containing the sample. The rotational speed of the shaft increases from a first measuring point at an initial speed in steps to further measuring points and the angle deflection between the drive and the shaft is determined in the measuring points. An estimation function is determined for the rotational speed and the angle deflection for the sample using measured values in the measuring points. An optimum rotational speed is determined based on the estimation function of a previously defined optimum angle deflection and the viscosity measurement of the sample is carried out.

Abstract: A rotational viscometer for measuring a viscosity of substances contains a measuring shaft and a hollow shaft which is driven by a drive. The measuring shaft is arranged within the hollow shaft. A measuring body is arranged at one end of the measuring shaft and can be supplied with a sample. A coupling element is provided for connecting the hollow shaft to the measuring shaft. An angle measuring unit is arranged relative to the measuring shaft such that an angular difference and/or a rotational phase difference between the hollow shaft and the measuring shaft can be measured. The hollow shaft and the measuring shaft end opposite the measuring body and protrude into a housing. The coupling element is arranged in the housing, and the housing and the coupling element are connected to the measuring shaft and to the hollow shaft such that the housing is removable from the rotational viscometer.

Abstract: A method for determining the viscosity of materials uses a rotation viscosimeter having a measuring shaft connected through a coupling element to a drive and a measuring element on a shaft end applied to a sample. An angle measuring unit measures an angle deflection between drive and shaft. The measuring element is immersed in a measuring container containing the sample. The rotational speed of the shaft increases from a first measuring point at an initial speed in steps to further measuring points and the angle deflection between the drive and the shaft is determined in the measuring points. An estimation function is determined for the rotational speed and the angle deflection for the sample using measured values in the measuring points. An optimum rotational speed is determined based on the estimation function of a previously defined optimum angle deflection and the viscosity measurement of the sample is carried out.

Abstract: What is specified is a piezoelectric transformer (10) having a surface structure which has at least one protruding surface structure segment (5), wherein the piezoelectric transformer has a contour (3) and is suitable for discharging a gas in conjunction with a counter electrode (10) for generating a plasma, wherein the surface structure is configured such that the gas discharge takes place at a multiplicity of discharge initiation points (6) on the contour (3). A width of the surface structure segment (5) is smaller than the width of the piezoelectric transformer (1).

Abstract: A circuit assembly is used for controlling a piezoelectric transformer having an input capacitance in a first circuit branch. The circuit assembly also includes a second circuit branch for compensating for the input capacitance, preferably by means of a capacitive element, and a differential amplifier having two inputs. The first input is coupled to the first circuit branch and the second input is coupled to the second circuit branch.

Abstract: What is specified is a piezoelectric transformer (10) having a surface structure which has at least one protruding surface structure segment (5), wherein the piezoelectric transformer has a contour (3) and is suitable for discharging a gas in conjunction with a counter electrode (10) for generating a plasma, wherein the surface structure is configured such that the gas discharge takes place at a multiplicity of discharge initiation points (6) on the contour (3). A width of the surface structure segment (5) is smaller than the width of the piezoelectric transformer (1).

Abstract: A piezoelectric component comprises a parallelepipedal basic body made of piezoelectric material which has an input region and an output region at opposite longitudinal ends of the basic body. Furthermore, the piezoelectric component comprises first and second primary electrodes which are arranged inside the input region and first and second secondary electrodes which are arranged inside the output region. The primary electrodes are at a greater interval from longitudinal lateral faces of the basic body in a subregion which faces the output region than in the subregion which is remote from the output region. Likewise, the secondary electrodes are at a greater interval from the longitudinal lateral faces of the basic body in a subregion which faces the input region than in a subregion which is remote from the input region.

Abstract: A circuit assembly is used for controlling a piezoelectric transformer having an input capacitance in a first circuit branch. The circuit assembly also includes a second circuit branch for compensating for the input capacitance, preferably by means of a capacitive element, and a differential amplifier having two inputs. The first input is coupled to the first circuit branch and the second input is coupled to the second circuit branch.

Abstract: A piezoelectric component comprises a parallelepipedal basic body made of piezoelectric material which has an input region and an output region at opposite longitudinal ends of the basic body. Furthermore, the piezoelectric component comprises first and second primary electrodes which are arranged inside the input region and first and second secondary electrodes which are arranged inside the output region. The primary electrodes are at a greater interval from longitudinal lateral faces of the basic body in a subregion which faces the output region than in the subregion which is remote from the output region. Likewise, the secondary electrodes are at a greater interval from the longitudinal lateral faces of the basic body in a subregion which faces the input region than in a subregion which is remote from the input region.

Abstract: A device for sealing a double clutch transmission of a motor vehicle, with a transmission housing, in which are arranged a clutch chamber with clutch oil and a double clutch, a transmission chamber with transmission oil and a double clutch transmission wheel set and two co-axial drive shafts disposed, one inside the other. One drive shaft is an interior central shaft which extends inside the transmission chamber from the end of the second hollow drive shaft. The two drive shafts each have a sealing element to seal the clutch chamber from the transmission chamber. A mounting component is situated inside and fixed to the transmission housing to support two adjacent sealing elements. A first sealing element forms a seal radially on the hollow drive shaft and a second sealing element forms a seal radially on the central drive shaft to provide a reliable seal and offer a simple ventilation and leakage detection.

Abstract: The formation of thermoplastic vulcanates may be accomplished with two polymers, wherein one polymer is grafted, or copolymerized with a carboxylic acid anhydride, which acid anhydride grafted polymer then is reacted with an amino silane, which reacts with the acid anhydride and then cross links.