Abstract: A ply includes a fibrous nonwoven web fabric forming a foundational structure, wherein the foundational structure includes fibers forming first pores and is partially filled with particles, wherein the particles at least partially fill the first pores so as to form regions filled with particles, wherein the particles in the filled regions form second pores, and wherein an average diameter of the particles is greater than an average pore size of more than 50% of the second pores.

Abstract: A ply includes a fibrous nonwoven web fabric forming a foundational structure, wherein the foundational structure includes fibers forming first pores and is partially filled with particles, wherein the particles at least partially fill the first pores so as to form regions filled with particles, wherein the particles in the filled regions form second pores such that an average diameter of the particles is greater than an average pore size of more than 50% of the second pores.

Abstract: A self-healing elastomer system is provided. The system includes an elastomer that has a surface and a core. The elastomer has an elastomer matrix. The elastomer matrix has first functional groups covalently bonded in the interior. A liquid phase borders on the surface of the elastomer. The liquid phase contains an additive. The first functional groups and the additive are chosen so that, in the case of damage to the elastomer, the first functional groups that come into contact with the liquid phase enter into a reaction. The invention also concerns methods for producing and using the self-healing elastomer system and suitable elastomers.

Abstract: A layer, in particular for use as a separator in galvanic cells, including fibers having at least one first substance which renders possible the chemical and/or physical binding of ammonia or ammonia compounds. A galvanic cell having a low self-discharging rate over its entire life cycle having a layer wherein a first substance is present in volumetric regions of the fibers whose surface areas are at least partially covered by a second substance.

Abstract: A separator for installation in batteries, comprising at least one first layer and at least one second layer, wherein the layers are configured as nonwovens, is characterized with respect to the object of creating a battery, which following easy production guarantees a long service life and high power, in that the first layer comprises fibers with a mean diameter that is greater than the mean diameter of the fibers of the second layer.

Abstract: A nonwoven fabric, in particular for use as a separator in batteries or galvanic cells, having functional fibers made of at least one fibrous material which intrinsically contains at least one substance that is chemically active or activatable in an alkaline medium. The substance is incorporated surface-actively exclusively in volumetric regions of the functional fibers whose surface areas are able to be acted upon by the medium. A fiber is made from the mentioned fibrous material. A galvanic cell contains this nonwoven fabric as a separator.

Abstract: An ultrathin, porous, and mechanically stable nonwoven fabric, a method for manufacturing the fabric, and the fabric's use are described. A nonwoven fabric is described having a thickness of less than 30 ?m, which is chemically and/or thermally bonded, whose maximum tensile load in at least one direction is at least 15 N/5 cm, whose stretching in this direction at maximum tensile load is 35% at the most, and which has a porosity of at least 25%. This nonwoven fabric may be used as a separator material or as a carrier material for diaphragms.

Abstract: A plasma-treated planar textile structure containing synthetic fibers and a method for manufacturing the structure, wherein the structure has a high initial wettability, expressed by a height of rise of at least 80 mm after immersion for 30 minutes in an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, and, upon storage for three months in air at 25° C., has a high initial wettability, expressed by a height of rise of at least 75 mm after immersion for 30 minutes in an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. The plasma-treated planar textile structures preferably have a high hydrophilic stability when stored in alkaline media. The plasma-treated planar textile structures can be used, in particular, as separators for electrochemical energy storage devices.

Abstract: A method for producing a separator material for rechargeable alkaline batteries. The method includes providing a base material, forming a polymer having a molecular structure that includes at least one functional group having a titrimetrically determined binding property for ammonia of at least 0.3 mmole NH3/g polymer powder. The method further includes introducing the polymer in particle form to the base material in a quantity of 1 to 50 g/m2. In addition, a separator material that includes a base material and a polymer disposed on the base material in particle form. The polymer includes a molecular structure that includes at least one functional group having a titrimetrically determined binding property for ammonia of at least 0.3 mmole NH3/g polymer powder.

Abstract: A hydrophilized separator material includes a plurality of synthetic fibers impregnated with 0.01 to 10 g/m2 of at least one of an alkali hydroxide and an alkali carbonate. In addition, a method for manufacturing such a separator material as well as an alkaline cell or battery containing such a separator material.

Abstract: A nonwoven fabric containing fibers made of polyoxyalkylene and a method for its production and its use. The fabric may be obtained by known methods of producing nonwovens and may particularly be used as a separator in batteries.

Abstract: In order to prevent salt precipitation after plating a wafer surface, the described cleaning process applied to the wafer covered with a plating solution uses a complex former solution or the solution of an acid. The presence of a suitable complex former enhances the solubility of heavy metal ions typically by orders of magnitudes. Hereby a precipitation of salts is avoided. After plating, the wafer is necessarily covered with a plating solution. In a first cleaning step, the solution of the complex former is applied on the wafer surface. This procedure reduces the amounts of plating salts in the solution and keeps the solubility of the remaining salts high at the same time due to a formation of soluble metal complexes. After that step, the wafer is completely covered with clean complex solution. This solution is removed in a following step by a stream of de-ionized water, leading to a clean, water-covered wafer. The drying of the wafer can be performed in a conventional procedure (e.g.