Abstract: A method and associated system for applying an optimized processing treatment to items in an industrial treatment line are described. First, settings for a value of a working parameter in the treatment line are defined. The settings are associated with value ranges of a parameter representative of an external property of items. Then, a value of the parameter representative of the external property of the item is measured. A setting for the value of the working parameter associated with a value range from the set of value ranges comprising the measured value is compared to the current setting of the working parameter. When a difference is detected between the associated setting and the current setting, the current setting is changed to the associated setting.

Abstract: A process for anticorrosion treatment of bare metal surfaces comprising steel surfaces, comprising contacting the bare metal surfaces with an acidic aqueous solution of a fluoro complex of at least one element M selected from the group B, Si, Ti, Zr and Hf, at least one further component selected from among: a buffer system for the pH range from 2.5 to 5.5, nitrate ions, copper ions, silver ions, vanadium or vanadate ions, bismuth ions, magnesium ions, zinc ions, manganese ions, cobalt ions, nickel ions, tin ions, aromatic carboxylic acids with at least two groups containing donor atoms, or derivatives of such carboxylic acids, and silica particles with an average particle size of below 1 ?m; and contains no more than 1 mg/l of an organic polymer with allylamine or vinylamine monomers; then rinsing the metal surfaces with water and thereafter coating them with a cathodically depositable electro-dipcoating.

Abstract: A metal sheet, inclusive of a metal strip, having a front side and a back side, both the front side and the back side comprising a first coating having an average thickness in the range from 0.5 to 10 ?m, wherein the first coating of the front side contains particles, which release divalent or multivalent metal ions upon the action of an acid, in such an amount that a self-depositing coating agent forms, upon contact with the front side, a second coating thereon, whereas this is not the case for the first coating of the back side. The first coating of the front side can be overcoated with a self-depositing coating agent. Cut edges that do not have a first coating can be covered with the self-depositing coating agent. Correspondingly coated metal sheets, as well as a method for the manufacture thereof, are furthermore within the scope of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for a preliminary metallizing treatment of galvanized or zinc alloy-coated steel surfaces or joined metallic parts that at least partly have zinc surfaces, in a surface treatment encompassing several process steps. In the disclosed method, metallic coats of especially a maximum of 100 mg/m2 of molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, nickel, lead, tin, and/or preferably iron are produced on the treated zinc surfaces. Another embodiment of the invention relates to an uncoated or subsequently coated metallic part which has been subjected to the disclosed preliminary metallizing treatment as well as the use of such a part for making bodies during the production of automobiles, building ships, in the construction industry, and for manufacturing white products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for a preliminary metallizing treatment of galvanized or zinc alloy-coated steel surfaces or joined metallic parts that at least partly have zinc surfaces, in a surface treatment encompassing several process steps. In the disclosed method, metallic coats of especially a maximum of 100 mg/m2 of molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, nickel, lead, tin, and/or preferably iron are produced on the treated zinc surfaces. Another embodiment of the invention relates to an uncoated or subsequently coated metallic part which has been subjected to the disclosed preliminary metallizing treatment as well as the use of such a part for making bodies during the production of automobiles, building ships, in the construction industry, and for manufacturing white products.

Abstract: A metal sheet, inclusive of a metal strip, having a front side and a back side, both the front side and the back side comprising a first coating having an average thickness in the range from 0.5 to 10 ?m, wherein the first coating of the front side contains particles, which release divalent or multivalent metal ions upon the action of an acid, in such an amount that a self-depositing coating agent forms, upon contact with the front side, a second coating thereon, whereas this is not the case for the first coating of the back side. The first coating of the front side can be overcoated with a self-depositing coating agent. Cut edges that do not have a first coating can be covered with the self-depositing coating agent. Correspondingly coated metal sheets, as well as a method for the manufacture thereof, are furthermore within the scope of the invention.

Abstract: In a process for the chemical pretreatment before painting of composite metal structures that contain aluminum or aluminum alloy portions together with steel, galvanized steel and/or alloy-galvanized steel portions, in a first step the metal structure is treated with a zinc phosphating solution that forms a surface-covering crystalline zinc phosphate layer on steel and on galvanized or alloy-galvanized steel, but without forming a zinc phosphate layer on the aluminum portions, and then in a second step the metal structure is brought into contact with a treatment solution that does not excessively dissolve the crystalline zinc phosphate layer on steel, galvanized and/or alloy-galvanized steel, but forms a conversion layer on the aluminum portions.

Abstract: Process for the fractionated regeneration of a weakly acid ion exchanger charged with divalent metal ions selected from nickel, zinc and manganese ions, obtaining a phosphoric-acid valuable product solution which contains these metal ions, wherein at least two portions of aqueous phosphoric acid are added to the ion exchanger one after the other, wherein each successive portion of aqueous phosphoric acid shows a lower phosphoric acid concentration than the previous one, wherein after adding the first portion of aqueous phosphoric acid to the ion exchanger, a concentrate fraction in the form of a phosphoric-acid valuable product solution containing metal ions is flushed out which contains at least 0.5 wt.

Abstract: A process for treating a nickel-bearing aqueous solution consisting of phosphating-bath overflow and/or of rinsing water after phosphating, phosphating being effected with an acidic aqueous phosphating solution that contains 3 to 50 g/l phosphate ions, reckoned as PO43−, 0.2 to 3 g/l zinc ions, 0.01 to 2.5 g/l nickel ions, optionally further metal ions as well as, optionally, accelerators, whereby the phosphating-bath overflow and/or the rinsing water after phosphating is conducted across a weakly acidic ion-exchanger, characterised in that the acid groups of the ion-exchanger are neutralised with alkali-metal ions to an extent amounting to no more than 15% and in that when it is fed to the ion-exchanger the nickel-bearing aqueous solution has a pH value within the range from 2.5 to 6.0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for coloring keratin fibers and a method of using the same. The composition of the present invention contains at least one dye precursor, and one or more clathrate compounds that contain transition metal complexes.

Abstract: A process for post-passivation of a phosphated metal surface, characterized in that the phosphated metal surface is treated with an aqueous post-passivation solution which contains from 50 to 500 mg/l of nickel ions and from 200 to 1500 mg/l of phosphate ions. Rinsing water arising which contains constituents of the post-passivation solution may be processed by nanofiltration or reverse osmosis, the retentate being transferred into the phosphating bath, thereby closing the Ni circuit. The post-passivation solution preferably additionally contains a phosphating accelerator.

Abstract: A process for treating phosphatising bath overflow and/or wash water after phosphatising, phosphatising being performed using an acid, aqueous phosphatising solution which contains from 3 to 50 g/l of phosphate ions, calculated as PO43−, from 0.2 to 3 g/l of zinc ions, optionally further metal ions and accelerator, characterised in that the accelerator is an organic molecule or molecular ion having a molecular weight of at least 80 g/mol, and that the phosphatising bath overflow and/or the wash water is subjected to ultrafiltration. The permeate from ultrafiltration is preferably separated further by means of nanofiltration or reverse osmosis. The permeate from the second separation may be recycled as wash water; the retentate may be recycled to the phosphatising bath.

Abstract: A process for pretreating surfaces made from steel, galvanised steel and/or aluminum and/or alloys thereof, wherein, in a first process stage, phosphating is performed using a low-nickel zinc phosphating solution; in a second process stage, the phosphated surfaces are post-rinsed using an aqueous solution which contains 0.001 to 10 g/l of lithium ions; copper ions and/or silver ions; and, in a third process stage, a low-lead cathodically depositable electrocoating lacquer is applied which contains no more than 0.05 wt. % of lead, relative to the dry solids content of the lacquer.

Abstract: A process for the production of a rubber-to-metal bond on steel, galvanized steel, aluminum and/or magnesium is provided The process comprises at least the following steps: a) chemical pretreatment of the metal parts, b) intermediate rinsing, and c) vulcanizing-on of natural or synthetic rubber using primers and/or binders. The chemical pretreatment in step a) is carried out with an aqueous solution with a pH value of 3.5 to 5.5 which contains: 4 to 20 g/l of phosphate ions, 0.1 to 1 g/l of free or complexed fluoride, and 0.04 to 1 g/l of nitrate ions.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous phosphating solution is presented having 0.2 to 3 g/l of zinc ions, 3 to 50 g/l of phosphate ions expressed as PO4−3, and 0.05 to 4 g/l of an organic N-oxide containing a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic 5- or 6-membered ring system, where the N atom of the N-oxide is part of said ring system, and where the ratio by weight of phosphate ions to zinc ions is from 3.7 to 30:1. The solution is free of hydroxylamine and useful in phosphating metal surfaces.

Abstract: A process for the phosphatizing of metal surfaces composed of steel, zinc-coated steel or steel coated with zinc alloy, of aluminum and/or of aluminum-magnesium alloys, characterized in that the phosphatizing solution contains:

Abstract: Metal surfaces are contacted with a solution of a process bath (1), for example a phosphating or pickling solution, which comprises several components in aqueous solution, the composition of the process bath (1) being maintained within a given range by addition of solutions or gases, in particular air. The profitability is improved considerably if the solution of the process bath (1) is circulated via a first line (2) and a circulating pump (3) and the solution to be added and/or the gas to be added is fed to the process bath where, as a consequence of the ending of the line (2), vigorous thorough mixing prevails, or if the solution to be added or the gas to be added is fed to a suction pump (4), the solution to be added or the gas to be added mixing with the circulated solution.

Abstract: Compositions containing p-dinitrosobenzene deposited onto a support of a chemically inert material which is solid at room temperature are provided. The composition is preferably formed by depositing p-dinitrosobenzene from a solution or by sublimation or in the course of its synthesis in the presence of one or more supports. Hydrophilic or hydrophobic silica, hydrophobicized zeolites, carbon blacks and layer silicates are examples of supports. The composition is useful in the production of adhesives, more particularly for bonding elastomers, e.g. in the polymerization or crosslinking of elastomers, and even more particularly in the bonding of rubber to metal.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of mixed hydroxydes of bivalent and trivalent metals with a three-dimensional spaced-lattice structure of the garnet type to control the thixotropic thickening of aqueous preparations, using swellable clays and/or other swellable layer-silicate compounds of natural and/or synthetic origin as visosity-increasing agents. The preferred garnet-type mixed hydroxydes are catoites of the basic structure Ca.sub.3 Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.12 a minor proportion of whose OH units can be exchanged for acid groups, in particular silicate groups.

Abstract: Finely ground zeolithic alkali metal aluminum silicates having the general formula: xMe.sub.2 O.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.ySiO.sub.2.zH.sub.2 O, are prepared by mixing both reaction components, alkali metal silicate and alkali metal aluminate, in the presence of a stoichiometrically excessive amount of alkali metal hydroxide. The thus obtained gel is matured, the reaction mixture is heated up to crystallisation temperature, then crystallised. During crystallisation, at least one of both reaction components is added to the reaction mixture.