Abstract: A membrane system is disclosed. The membrane system may include a treatment process wherein both at least a portion of a permeate output of the membrane system and a concentrate output of the membrane system are recirculated back to an input of the membrane system. The membrane system may include a treatment process wherein a higher level permeate is used to treat the membrane system. The membrane system may include a storage reservoir to store at least a portion of the concentrate output of a purge cycle of the membrane system.

Abstract: An evaporative heat transfer system is disclosed wherein a portion of a heat transfer fluid is evaporated and a remainder of the heat transfer fluid is collected in a sump. A characteristic of the heat transfer fluid is monitored. A first fluid input system and a second fluid input system are provided. The first fluid input system provides a first heat transfer fluid to the evaporative heat transfer system. The second fluid input system provides a second heat transfer fluid to the evaporative heat transfer system.