Abstract: The application relates to a cleaning system configured for cleaning of cavities filled with a liquid, including fragmentation, debridement, material removal, irrigation, disinfection, and decontamination. The cleaning system includes an electromagnetic radiation system and a liquid. A treatment handpiece irradiates the liquid within a cavity with a radiation beam, producing a first vapor bubble using first pulse, and, at a different location, a second vapor bubble using a second pulse. The pulse repetition time is adjusted to ensure efficacy, for example such that an onset time of the second vapor bubble is within the first contraction phase of the first vapor bubble, when the first vapor bubble has contracted from its maximal volume to a size in a range from about 0.7 to about 0.1 of the maximal volume.

Abstract: A process for the heat treatment of coils of aluminum and aluminum alloys in which lubricants applied to the surfaces of the metal strip, the usual oxide layer and a spacing between turns formed during coiling permit the application of a voltage across the coil between the ends of the strip of 0.01 to 0.25 volts per turn and a current intensity of 1,000 to 10,000 amperes, preferably 5,000 amperes, to heat the coil to 750.degree. C. The coil is thereupon cooled.