Abstract: Cathodically depositable electrocoat materials comprising basic bismuth nitrate, further comprising at least one binder having reactive functional groups and at least one crosslinker containing the complementary reactive functional groups which are able to enter into thermal crosslinking reactions.

Abstract: Cathodically depositable electrocoat materials comprising basic bismuth nitrate, further comprising at least one binder having reactive functional groups and at least one crosslinker containing the complementary reactive functional groups which are able to enter into thermal crosslinking reactions.

Abstract: Cathodically depositable electrocoat materials comprising basic bismuth nitrate, further comprising at least one binder having reactive functional groups and at least one crosslinker containing the complementary reactive functional groups which are able to enter into thermal crosslinking reactions.

Abstract: Cathodically depositable electrocoat materials comprising basic bismuth nitrate, further comprising at least one binder having reactive functional groups and at least one crosslinker containing the complementary reactive functional groups which are able to enter into thermal crosslinking reactions.

Abstract: A method for producing distance images according to the principle of emitting a light signal and the time-delayed reception of the reflected light signal by a receiving device wherein at least two reflection images of the same distance range are taken, and the emitted light signal is intensity-modulated by a modulation frequency. When at least one of the two reflection images is taken, the sensitivity of the receiving device is modulated by the same modulation frequency and is fixed in-phase with respect to it. Subsequently, by a comparison of the light intensity values in the first and second reflection images, the reflectivity and the distance of the objects are determined.

Abstract: A process for generating distance images operates by the emission of light pulses and the synchronized time-delayed reception of the reflected light pulses on an image receiving unit with a shutter device connected in front of it. During the reception of a reflected light pulse, the transparency of the shutter device passes through a given time-dependent function and in this manner at least two such modulated reflection images are generated while different transparency functions are used. A color is assigned to each of these images, and the colored images are superimposed to form a false-color-coded distance image.

Abstract: The camera includes two functionally equivalent line and field scanners, one for issuing a light pulse that will be returned by an object point, and identified by a particular line/field scanning position in both scanners; the second scanner being attuned to recognize the returned light in one scanning raster point only for purposes of correlation. The field scan is realized through a deflecting mirror or in a columnal array the line scans are either solid state or fiber optics.

Abstract: A method of using a method for navigating and updating of navigation for aircract under utilization of sensor image processing and reference store data, for purposes of automatic or assisted landing is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for navigation and updating of navigation for aircraft uses range image processing and a reference store, segmentizing the range image data are segmentized in order to obtain a particular pattern of type features for purposes of classifying particular types of objects across which the craft flies; extracting particular signature features including localized elevational jumps and determining the position of the craft by correlating a plurality of features and their spatial orientation to each other as extracted with corresponding stored reference information in order to provide a maximum fit that is indicative of deviation of the flight from a flight path as identified by the reference information.

Abstract: Optical radar includes a linear transmitter diode array with each diode in the array being individually controllable for transmitting a light pulse on being triggered; and a receiver diode array is positioned in relation to the transmitter array in conjunction with optical imaging means such that a diode of the transmitter array is imaged on the ground on the same area which is seen by a particular diode of the receiver array so that a 1:1 relation is established between a diode providing a particular transmitted light pulse and a diode that can receive said pulse.

Abstract: A method for aircraft navigation which includes, sensor signal processing with refernce data. The method provides for sensing and range finding the elevational profile underneath the craft. Those elevational data are fed to a segmentizing and type classifying unit whose output in turn is fed to a classifying unit, and that the position of the craft is determined by comparing the segmentized overflight strip with corresponding topographic features in reference information.

Abstract: Short light pulses are emitted and images of the reflection from objects are received; the receiving is timed and synchronized to obtain partial images corresponding to reflection from particular ranges; the partial images are then combined in a composite range image.

Abstract: Selecting of particular image lines for composition of range image such that a composition and evaluation of range image is possible in real time actually corresponds to the imaging of a TV or video camera. The image field is scanned column by column and the contents of the column (all lines) are read in parallel. After digitizing the content of the column, a selection logic selects a particular imaging dot within each of the columns. Using the principles of triangulation, the line position of the dot selected is identified by a multibit binary data word is vertical position in representation of the distance from the camera or the light strip source.

Abstract: A method of reducing artefacts in uncorrected images which are obtained by computer tomography and which consist of a reconstructed object image and an outer region which surrounds the object image. Image data in those elements of the outer region which are associated with a measuring path are used to derive error signals. The error signals are subtracted from the image data in elements of the uncorrected image in order to reduce artefacts which extend through the image in straight strips.

Abstract: For determining the absorption distribution in a plane of a body by means of a fan of radiation beams from an approximately point-shaped radiation source and in different positions of the body with respect to the radiation source, a detector element comprising only one amplifier is used for a number of adjacent radiation beams or all radiation beams. For determining the intensity profile in each measuring position, the radiation beams are modulated by time functions which form a complete, linearly independent function system (Walsh functions). Modulation is realized by means of an aperture which is constructed as a rotating disc which comprises transmissive and non-transmissive sectors. At each change of a function value, a discrete signal value is derived from the detector signals, so that the total number of signal values equals the number of functions of the function system. The signal values are multiplied by a back transformation matrix and therefrom the intensity profile is recovered.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to reduce the redundancy for the transmission or storage of picture signals using transforms. The basis coefficients are arranged in a sequence and thereafter quantized in the customary manner. The basis coefficients obtained from the transformation are sequentially examined to see if they exceed a predetermined value, for example the average value across the entire picture. The number of times the value is exceeded is counted. If, in a sequence class, the number of coefficients exceeding the predetermined value is more than half the total number in the sequence class then the associated sequences are quantized with a larger number of bits. For this purpose, activity classes are formed which indicate which sequences in the picture are active and the characteristic of the quantizer is controlled by this class information.

Abstract: In tomosynthesis distortions are produced owing to the curvature of the image intensifier input screen and other non-linearities of the transmission system, which in particular affect the synthesis of the laminar image when the individual images should be shifted relative to each other for this purpose. These distortions depend on the angle which the central ray makes with the laminar plane during the individual exposures and therefore they can hardly be compensated for. The invention now proposes that when the individual images are taken the image intensifier is steered so that the optical axis always remains parallel to the central ray. The distortions produced by the curvature of the input screen of the image intensifier etc. are then independent of the angle between the central ray and the laminar plane, and can be compensated for by known commercially available correction devices.

Abstract: With known methods for predictive decorrelation this decorrelation only applies to one or more previously scanned elements of the same picture line. In accordance with the invention a picture to be scanned is divided into sub-pictures wherein a number of picture lines equal to the number of lines comprised in a sub-picture is intermediately stored in shift registers, a processing circuit being connected to the last stages of these shift registers, which processing circuit multiplies the values of the picture elements of one sub-picture with the same number of coefficients stored in the processing device and which adds the products. In a preferred embodiment the difference values obtained in this manner are also decorrelated in a second stage, the matrix of the difference values being divided into difference value sub-pictures which are shifted, preferably diagonally, relative to the original sub-pictures. A considerably larger surrounding area of each picture element is thus involved in the prediction.

Abstract: With known methods for predictive decorrelation it always applies only to one or more previously scanned elements of the same picture line. A disturbance for a decorrelated value leads on reconstruction to a "falsification" of a longer picture sequence. A protection from errors by check bits for each decorrelated element would considerably increase the redundancy. In accordance with the invention the picture to be scanned is divided into sub-pictures and in each sub-picture some substantially uniformly distributed elements are decorrelated as supporting positions and transmitted faultlessly, the remaining intermediate elements being decorrelated only with respect to the supporting positions of the sub-picture and transmitted without protection against errors. Consequently, the increase in redundancy by means of check bits is limited and an error with a transformed value of an intermediate element disturbs on reconstruction only that intermediate element itself and not the surrounding elements.

Abstract: A Hadamard domain encoder wherein adding and subtracting operations on digitized intensities of 2 .times. 2 picture points yield secondary results. Likewise processing of groups of 2 .times. 2 secondary results yields further intermediate and/or final results. The complement of unprocessed secondary and final results fully characterizes the original picture but is better suited for data storage and/or transfer because the energy content of the picture is substantially restricted to a limited region. Redundancy in the stored/transmitted data is thus reduced.