Abstract: An encapsulated semiconductor device and method wherein an encapsulant material is deposited on the device in an environment that enhances device performance. Illustrative encapsulant materials are organic polymers, silicon polymers and metal/polymer-layered encapsulants. Encapsulant formation environments may include inert, reducing and ammonia gas environment. Further disclosed are an encapsulated transistor and a semiconductor device.

Abstract: A tunable optical fiber device comprises a length of fiber having a core having a certain refractive index; a cladding peripherally surrounding the core with a refractive index less than the refractive index of the core; and at least one hollow region disposed within the cladding in proximity to the core or within the core itself. Fluid (typically liquid) controllably moved within the hollow region modifies the effective index of the fiber and thereby tunes its characteristics.

Abstract: A tunable optical waveguide is enclosed in an enclosure containing a controllably moveable region of fluid with a refractive index greater than the optical fiber such that at least a first transmission property of the waveguide is modified when the region of fluid is moved. In a first embodiment, the optical device comprises a Bragg grating that is tuned by moving the fluid over the grating to vary the amplitude of desired wavelengths that are reflected back through the core of the fiber. In a second embodiment, the optical device comprises a long-period grating that is tuned by moving the fluid over the grating to vary the amplitude of desired wavelengths that are transferred into the cladding of the fiber and, as a result, to decrease the amplitude of those desired wavelengths that are transmitted through the core of the fiber.

Abstract: A tunable optical waveguide is enclosed in an enclosure containing a controllably moveable region of fluid with a refractive index greater than the optical fiber such that at least a first. transmission property of the waveguide is modified when the region of fluid is moved. In a first embodiment, the optical device comprises a Bragg grating that is tuned by moving the fluid over the grating to vary the amplitude of desired wavelengths that are reflected back through the core of the fiber. In a second embodiment, the optical device comprises a long-period grating that is tuned by moving the fluid over the grating to vary the amplitude of desired wavelengths that are transferred into the cladding of the fiber and, as a result, to decrease the amplitude of those desired wavelengths that are transmitted through the core of the fiber.

Abstract: A tunable optical fiber device comprises a length of fiber having a core having a certain refractive index; a cladding peripherally surrounding the core with a refractive index less than the refractive index of the core; and at least one hollow region disposed within the cladding in proximity to the core or within the core itself. Fluid (typically liquid) controllably moved within the hollow region modifies the effective index of the fiber and thereby tunes its characteristics.

Abstract: A unique waveguide structure is provided in which the waveguide contains individual scattering elements that are capable of being tuned to provide local refractive index variations, e.g., on a micron scale—which is on the order of wavelengths typically used for communication system. According to the invention, the waveguide contains a core region, a cladding region, and a solid or liquid material having the tunable scattering elements dispersed therein, where the material is disposed within the core and/or cladding regions, and/or on the exterior of the cladding region. Useful scattering elements include, for example, liquid crystals dispersed in a polymer (polymer-dispersed liquid crystals—PDLC) or electrophoretic particles dispersed in a liquid medium.

Abstract: An encapsulated semiconductor device and method wherein an encapsulant material is deposited on the device in an environment that enhances device performance. Illustrative encapsulant materials are organic polymers, silicon polymers and metal/polymer-layered encapsulants. Encapsulant formation environments may include inert, reducing and ammonia gas environment. Further disclosed are an encapsulated transistor and a semiconductor device.

Abstract: A unique waveguide structure is provided in which the waveguide contains individual scattering elements that are capable of being tuned to provide local refractive index variations, e.g., on a micron scale—which is on the order of wavelengths typically used for communication system. According to the invention, the waveguide contains a core region, a cladding region, and a solid or liquid material having the tunable scattering elements dispersed therein, where the material is disposed within the core and/or cladding regions, and/or on the exterior of the cladding region. Useful scattering elements include, for example, liquid crystals dispersed in a polymer (polymer-dispersed liquid crystals—PDLC) or electrophoretic particles dispersed in a liquid medium.