Abstract: A method for reducing prosthetic loading failure including the steps of providing a prosthesis for a vertebral column comprising at least an upper part for attachment to an upper vertebrae and a lower part for attachment to a lower vertebrae, the upper part having a lower curved surface and the lower part having an upper curved surface, wherein the upper and lower curved surfaces have a center of radius of curvature offset rearwardly with respect to a central vertical axis through the upper and lower vertebrae, and positioning the centroid of at least one of the upper and lower parts substantially on the same vertical axis of the center of radius of curvature.

Abstract: An interbody spacer includes an elongated body with a maximum width between opposite side walls and a maximum height between upper and lower bearing surfaces. The interbody spacer also includes a leading end nose connecting the side walls to facilitate insertion of the interbody spacer into a disc space between vertebrae in an insertion orientation, from which the interbody device is then rotated to position the upper and lower bearing surfaces in contact with the endplates of the adjacent vertebrae. The leading end nose forms a blunt convex nose between the upper and lower bearing surfaces to maximize the bearing surface area available to contact the adjacent endplates.

Abstract: An interbody spacer includes an elongated body with a maximum width between opposite side walls and a maximum height between upper and lower bearing surfaces. The interbody spacer also includes a leading end nose connecting the side walls to facilitate insertion of the interbody spacer into a disc space between vertebrae in an insertion orientation, from which the interbody device is then rotated to position the upper and lower bearing surfaces in contact with the endplates of the adjacent vertebrae. The leading end nose forms a blunt convex nose between the upper and lower bearing surfaces to maximize the bearing surface area available to contact the adjacent endplates.

Abstract: An interbody spacer includes concave lateral surfaces extending at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis. In one aspect, the interbody spacer includes upper and lower convex surfaces defined by an arc extending from a center point offset from the spacer midpoint. In another aspect, lateral edges of the upper and lower surfaces are also defined by convex arcs extending from a center point offset from the spacer midpoint.

Abstract: An interbody spacer includes concave lateral surfaces extending at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis. In one aspect, the interbody spacer includes upper and lower convex surfaces defined by an arc extending from a center point offset from the spacer midpoint. In another aspect, lateral edges of the upper and lower surfaces are also defined by convex arcs extending from a center point offset from the spacer midpoint.

Abstract: An interbody spacer includes concave lateral surfaces extending at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis. In one aspect, the interbody spacer includes upper and lower convex surfaces defined by an arc extending from a center point offset from the spacer midpoint. In another aspect, lateral edges of the upper and lower surfaces are also defined by convex arcs extending from a center point offset from the spacer midpoint.

Abstract: An interbody spacer includes concave lateral surfaces extending at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis. In one aspect, the interbody spacer includes upper and lower convex surfaces defined by an arc extending from a center point offset from the spacer midpoint. In another aspect, lateral edges of the upper and lower surfaces are also defined by convex arcs extending from a center point offset from the spacer midpoint.

Abstract: A method for reducing prosthetic loading failure including the steps of providing a prosthesis for a vertebral column comprising at least an upper part for attachment to an upper vertebrae and a lower part for attachment to a lower vertebrae, the upper part having a lower curved surface and the lower part having an upper curved surface, wherein the upper and lower curved surfaces have a centre of radius of curvature offset rearwardly with respect to a central vertical axis through the upper and lower vertebrae, and positioning the centroid of at least one of the upper and lower parts substantially on the same vertical axis of the centre of radius of curvature.

Abstract: A cam spreader having a substantially rigid body with a proximal end defining a handle and a distal end defining a cam. The cam has at least a first lobe, the first lobe having an outer surface in a first quadrant of the cam as viewed in cross section along a longitudinal central axis of the body. At least a portion of the outer surface, or profile, of the curve is mathematically driven and produces a constant incremental lift.

Abstract: An interbody spacer includes concave lateral surfaces extending at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis. In one aspect, the interbody spacer includes upper and lower convex surfaces defined by an arc extending from a center point offset from the spacer midpoint. In another aspect, lateral edges of the upper and lower surfaces are also defined by convex arcs extending from a center point offset from the spacer midpoint.

Abstract: An interbody spacer includes concave lateral surfaces extending at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis. In one aspect, the interbody spacer includes upper and lower convex surfaces defined by an arc extending from a center point offset from the spacer midpoint. In another aspect, lateral edges of the upper and lower surfaces are also defined by convex arcs extending from a center point offset from the spacer midpoint.

Abstract: A system for removing an implant from between a pair of vertebral bodies comprises a removal shaft. The removal shaft includes a threaded shaft portion and is coupled to a spreader block. A connector body is threadedly coupled to the threaded shaft portion. The system further includes a first removal blade having a proximal end and a distal end. The proximal end is attached to the connector body and the distal end is attachable to the implant. A first spreader brace is attached to the spreader block. Rotation of the threaded shaft removes at least a portion of the implant from between the pair of vertebral bodies.

Abstract: A cam spreader having a substantially rigid body with a proximal end defining a handle and a distal end defining a cam. The cam has at least a first lobe, the first lobe having an outer surface in a first quadrant of the cam as viewed in cross section along a longitudinal central axis of the body. At least a portion of the outer surface, or profile, of the curve is mathematically driven and produces a constant incremental lift.

Abstract: An interbody spacer includes concave lateral surfaces extending at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis. In one aspect, the interbody spacer includes upper and lower convex surfaces defined by an arc extending from a center point offset from the spacer midpoint. In another aspect, lateral edges of the upper and lower surfaces are also defined by convex arcs extending from a center point offset from the spacer midpoint.