Abstract: A converter station for the transmission of electrical power has a diode rectifier with a DC terminal and an AC terminal. At least one transformer is connected to the AC terminal. In order to render the converter station as compact as possible, the diode rectifier is arranged in an insulating material.

Abstract: A commutating circuit for an electronic power converter has a first switching device, by which the electronic power converter can be electrically bridged, and a circuit part for limiting the size of the time-related voltage change of a voltage present on the first switching device. The circuit part limits the time-related voltage variation.

Abstract: An arrangement having a first group of rectifiers, which form a series circuit on the DC voltage side and which can be connected to a first AC voltage network, and having a reserve rectifier that, in the event of a fault in one of the rectifiers, can be electrically connected by suitable switching apparatuses to the first AC voltage network and on the DC voltage side to a first DC voltage line to form an augmented series circuit with the rectifiers. An installation for transmitting electric power between at least one first wind farm with at least one wind power installation and the first power supply system, including the first group of rectifiers, is able to be connected to the first wind farm via the first AC voltage network.

Abstract: A system transmits electrical power between a first and a second alternating voltage network. A self-commutated converter can be connected to the second alternating voltage network, the converter being connected to an unregulated rectifier via a direct voltage connection. The unregulated rectifier can be connected to the first alternating voltage network on an alternating voltage side. The system has a network generation device, which can be connected to the first alternating voltage network and is provided for generating an alternating voltage in the first alternating voltage network. The network generation device is configured to exchange reactive power and active power with the first alternating voltage network. Furthermore, a method is provided which stabilizes a network frequency of the first alternating voltage network, in which the network frequency in the first alternating voltage network is regulated by changing a voltage at the direct voltage terminal of the self-commutated converter.

Abstract: A self-commutated converter is connected to further self-commutated converters by its AC voltage connection via an inductive component using a coupling point, which is common to all the converters, in an AC voltage network. An active power P and a frequency fN are determined from a network voltage at the coupling point and a converter current flowing via the inductive component. An active power difference value ?P is supplied to an orthogonal controller and to a parallel controller. The output value from the parallel controller is used to minimize the reactive power exchanged between converter and coupling point. The frequency difference value ?f is supplied to a frequency controller and the output value from the frequency controller is logically combined with the output value from the orthogonal controller and the output value from the parallel controller, the frequency difference value ?f being simultaneously minimized.

Abstract: An installation for transmitting electrical power between a first and a second alternating voltage network. A self-commutated converter can be connected to the second alternating voltage network, and is connected to a unidirectional rectifier by way of a direct voltage connection. The unidirectional rectifier can be connected to the first alternating voltage network on the alternating voltage side, and to a wind farm via said first alternating voltage network. The farm has at least one wind turbine feeding electrical power into the first alternating voltage network when wind speeds are greater than a switch-on wind speed. An energy-generating device can be connected to the first alternating voltage network and/or to the at least one wind turbine for providing electrical energy. The energy-generating device converts a renewable primary energy from its surroundings when wind speeds are lower than the switch-on wind speed for the wind turbine.

Abstract: A converter station for the transmission of electrical power has a diode rectifier with a DC terminal and an AC terminal. At least one transformer is connected to the AC terminal. In order to render the converter station as compact as possible, the diode rectifier is arranged in an insulating material.

Abstract: A surge protector (1) has a spark gap (2) that is provided with two opposite electrodes (3), a circuit (5) for triggering the spark gap (2), and a light source connected to a protective device (13) on ground potential in order to generate a triggering light which can be delivered with the aid of at least one optical waveguide (15) of a receiver unit of the triggering circuit (5), the spark gap (2) and the triggering circuit (5) being on a high voltage potential. In order to make the surge protector (1) reliable and inexpensive, the receiver unit is provided with at least one power semiconductor component (16) that can be moved, with the aid of the triggering light, from a locked position in which current conduction via the power semiconductor component (16) is interrupted into an open position in which current conduction via the power semiconductor component (16) is made possible.

Abstract: A surge protector (1) has a spark gap (2) that is provided with two opposite electrodes (3), a circuit (5) for triggering the spark gap (2), and a light source connected to a protective device (13) on ground potential in order to generate a triggering light which can be delivered with the aid of at least one optical waveguide (15) of a receiver unit of the triggering circuit (5), the spark gap (2) and the triggering circuit (5) being on a high voltage potential. In order to make the surge protector (1) reliable and inexpensive, the receiver unit is provided with at least one power semiconductor component (16) that can be moved, with the aid of the triggering light, from a locked position in which current conduction via the power semiconductor component (16) is interrupted into an open position in which current conduction via the power semiconductor component (16) is made possible.

Abstract: An overvoltage protector (1) has a spark gap (2) with opposing electrodes (3) and a light source for generating an ignition light in accordance with the trigger signals of a control unit, the ignition light being configured to directly ignite the spark gap (2). A reliable ignition of the spark gap is facilitated by equipping the overvoltage protector with an optical fibre (15) for conducting the ignition light to the spark gap (2).

Abstract: In a magneto-optical sensor with −/+ intensity norming, the temperature-coefficient-compensated output signal (S) is obtained by formation of a quotient of the alternating portion (PAC) of the intensity-normed signal (P) and a function (f(PDC, PACeff)), determined by a calibration measurement, of a direct portion (PDC) of the intensity-normed signal (P) and of a root-mean-square value (PACeff) of the alternating portion (PAC). A corresponding method for sensors with AC/DC intensity norming is indicated.

Abstract: A method and a configuration are provided for digitally processing an analog signal, especially of output quantities of an optical transducer. The analog signal is divided into a number of partial analog signals having in each case different frequency ranges. The levels of the partial signals are adapted to the dynamic ranges of downstream digitizing device by analog amplification. This results in an improved signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: The inventive method employs the −/+ division for intensity norming but forms the quotient from the signal difference and the signal sum not from component signals (L1, L2) generated by the sensor but—inventively —with signals (L1′, L2′) derived therefrom that exhibit periodically fluctuating intensity parts (I1′AC, I2′AC) of the same amplitude amount (|A|). The invention largely unites the advantages of −/+ division with those of AC/DC division.

Abstract: Polarized measuring light propagates through a sensor device and is then split into two differently linearly polarized partial light signals. An intensity-normalized measuring signal is derived from the two partial light signals and their direct components.

Abstract: Linearly polarized measuring light is split after traversing a Faraday sensor device into two partial light signals having planes of polarization inclined at 45.degree.. A measured signal, which is proportional to the tangent of the Faraday rotation angle, is derived from the two partial light signals.

Abstract: A method for temperature calibration of an optical magnetic field measurement array and a measurement array calibrated by the method include an optical series circuit having a first optical transmission path, a first polarizer, a Faraday sensor device, a second polarizer, and a second optical transmission path. The optical series circuit is temperature-calibrated by adjusting the polarizer angles of the two polarizers in a special way. The calibration method functions even if the intrinsic axis of the linear double refraction in the sensor device is unknown.

Abstract: Two light signals pass, in opposite directions, through a series circuit comprising a first optical fiber, a first polarizer, a Faraday sensor device, a second polarizer and a second optical fiber. To set the working point, additionally, the planes of polarization of both light signals are reciprocally rotated by a predetermined angle of rotation by rotation means between the two polarizers. From light intensities of the two light signals, after passing through the series circuit, a measuring signal is determined which is independent of vibrations and bending influences in the optical fibers.

Abstract: Two light signals pass through a series connection of a first multimode optical fiber, a first polarizer, a Faraday sensor device, a second polarizer an a second multimode optical fiber in opposite directions. The polarization axes of the two polarizers are set at a polarizer angle .eta. or .theta. to the natural axis of the linear birefringence in the sensor device with cos(2.eta.+2.theta.)=-2/3. The measuring signal is derived as the quotient of two linear functions of the light intensities of the two light signals after passing through the series connection.

Abstract: Polarized measuring light is coupled into a sensor device and, after passing through the sensor device, is decomposed in an analyzer into two differently, linearly polarized partial light signals. The corresponding electric intensity signals are intensity-normalized by dividing their respective AC signal component by their respective DC signal component. From the two intensity-normalized signals S1 and S2, a temperature-compensated measured signal M is derived in accordance with the two equations S1=f1(T)*M and S2=f2(T)*M. The functions f1(T) and f2(T) are predetermined by particular linear, quadratic, or exponential fit-functions of the temperature T. In particular, in the case of linear fit-functions f1(T) and f2(T), the measured signal is yielded as M=A*S1+B*S2.

Abstract: Linearly polarized measuring light is broken down into two differently polarized component light signals in an analyzer after passing through a Faraday sensor device. The intensity of the corresponding electric intensity signals is normalized by dividing the respective alternating signal component by the respective direct signal component. From the two normalized intensity signals S1 and S2, a measuring signal is derived according to the formula:S=(2.multidot.S1.multidot.S2)/((S2-S1)+K.multidot.(S1+S2))where cos(2.theta.+2.eta.)=-2/(3K) and sin(2.theta.-2.eta.)=1 are valid for a correction factor K, an injection angle .eta. between the plane of polarization of the injected measuring light to a natural axis of the linear birefringence in the sensor device and a exit angle .theta. between this natural axis and a natural axis of the analyzer.