Abstract: In a method of analyzing a plurality of objects, which each are expressed by a set of parameters consisting of a plurality of parameter values, a plurality of samples (predetermined objects) is divided into a plurality of classes. These objects may inter alia be represented by colour pixels in an image processing system, wherein each object is identified by a set of parameters formed by a plurality of parameters, e.g. the intensities of the 3 primary colours. Sets of parameters additionally include e.g. those which are related to marketing, economic, financial, legal, organizing, sociological, anthropological, historic, linguistic, psychological or political scenarios. The sets of parameters of the samples, which are expressed as a set of numbers, determine in which of the classes the individual samples are arranged. The classes of the objects are established by given criteria, such as distance relations in vector form between the sets of parameters of the objects and the sets of parameters of the samples.

Abstract: An optical element for simultaneously retrieving the tributary data rate and the clock frequency from the line rate of an OTDM signal. The demultiplexing and clock recovery principle is based on injection locking of a high-Q-filtered and high gain loop with a variable phase delay and an EA-modulator with high non-linear response, i.e., absorption verses applied voltage. A modulator that is preferably an EA-modulator, an amplifier preferably an erbium doped fiber amplifier (“EDFA”), a base band receiver, an electronic amplifier, a high-Q filter, and a variable phase delay are arranged in a loop to provide an oscillator for simultaneously retrieving tributary data rate and clock frequency.

Abstract: A wavelength division multiplex (WDM) cross-connect architecture that can selectively cross-connect, at a wavelength granularity, wavelength channels from any of a plurality of input WDM optical facilities (e.g., fibers) to any of a plurality of output WDM optical facilities. The architecture is based on multi-wavelength modules, which are capable of routing simultaneously N wavelengths. The number of required modules scales only with k2 or less (i.e., k2 modules with N complexity), where k is the number of input/output fibers. The significant reduction in complexity is traded for a decrease in blocking performance; one of the disclosed architectures is strictly non-blocking in the space domain and rearrangeably non-blocking in the wavelength domain, whereas two others are rearrangeably non-blocking in both the wavelength and space domain.

Abstract: In the teaching of an image analysis system, a video image of a reference object is captured. Several areas, each of which represents a class (22, 23), are marked on the video image, which is divided into pixels having their separate identification, such as color. Once all classes have been formed, each class is given a color which is assigned to all pixels in the class irrespective of identification. Pixels which may belong to more than one class, a so-called conflict class (24), and pixels which do not belong to any class, a so-called 0 class (25), are transferred to a residual class. Then the entire video image is processed in that the pixels which are not represented in the zero class (25) or the conflict class (24), are given a color value from the class having a pixel identification which is closest to the pixel concerned. The principles of the invention may be applied in general in connection with analysis techniques where objects may be characterized by means of an N-dimensional set of parameters.