Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining causal models for controlling environments. One of the methods includes identifying a procedural instance; determining a temporal extent for the procedural instance based on temporal extent parameters for the one or more entities in the procedural instance; selecting control settings for the procedural instance; monitoring environment responses to the control settings that are received for the one or more entities; determining which of the environment responses to attribute to the procedural instance in a causal model; and adjusting, based at least in part on the environment responses that are attributed to the procedural instance, the temporal extent parameters for the one or more entities.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining causal models for controlling environments. One of the methods includes repeatedly selecting control settings for the environment based on (i) a causal model that identifies causal relationships between possible settings for controllable elements in the environment and environment responses that reflect a performance of the control system in controlling the environment and (ii) current values of a set of internal parameters; and during the repeatedly selecting: monitoring environment responses to the selected control settings; determining, based on the environment responses, an indication that one or more properties of the environment have changed; and in response, modifying the current values of one or more of the internal parameters.

Abstract: A respiratory assistance apparatus has a gases inlet configured to receive a supply of gases, a blower unit configured to generate a pressurised gases stream from the supply of gases; a humidification unit configured to heat and humidify the pressurised gases stream; and a gases outlet for the heated and humidified gases stream. A flow path for the gases stream extends through the respiratory device from the gases inlet through the blower unit and humidification unit to the gases outlet. A sensor assembly is provided in the flow path before the humidification unit. The sensor assembly has an ultrasound gas composition sensor system for sensing one or more gas concentrations within the gases stream.

Abstract: The gases temperature supplied to a patient when the patient is undergoing treatment such as oxygen therapy or positive pressure treatment for conditions such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is often measured for safety and to enable controlling of the humidity delivered to the patient. The invention disclosed is related to measurement of properties, particularly temperature (thermistor), of gases flowing through a heated tube, supplying gases to a patient, which utilises the heating wire within the tube.

Abstract: A positioning guide system for guiding a surgical tool comprising a positioning guide and a user interface. The positioning guide comprising: an interface to correspond to a plurality of anatomic landmarks of a patient; a plurality of sensors to provide an output indicative of the proximity of the interface and one or more of the plurality of anatomic landmarks; and a tool guide, for a surgical tool, positioned relative to the interface. The user interface provides a user output indicative of correct positioning of the positioning guide and the anatomic landmarks of the patient based on the output of the plurality of sensors.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling energy consumption, operational management and efficacy of a vehicle are disclosed. The method includes providing, by a processor, a guidance file for a trip of the vehicle; and using, by the processor, the guidance file using vehicle position, and one or more of energy consumption, speed, and operational parameters of the vehicle in the trip.

Abstract: Systems and method of wrapping an object are disclosed. An object wrapping system includes a contractible loop, a positioning system, and a wrapping material system. The contractible loop is configured to be deployed in an expanded position and a contracted position. The positioning system is configured to position an object in alignment with an aperture defined by the contractible loop. The wrapping material system is configured to position a wrapping material between the object and the aperture. The positioning system is configured to move the object into the wrapping material and through the aperture when the contractible loop is deployed in the expanded position. The contractible loop is configured to deploy into the contracted position to at least partially close the wrapping material around the object.

Abstract: The gases temperature supplied to a patient when the patient is undergoing treatment such as oxygen therapy or positive pressure treatment for conditions such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is often measured for safety and to enable controlling of the humidity delivered to the patient. The invention disclosed is related to measurement of properties, particularly temperature (thermistor), of gases flowing through a heated tube, supplying gases to a patient, which utilises the heating wire within the tube.

Abstract: A mask 100 configured to substantially surround an opening of a patient's airway. The mask has a mask body 101 comprising a filter 103 configured to filter a fluid from a patient facing side of the mask to a non-patient facing side 105 of the mask, wherein the non-patient facing side faces an ambient environment AE. The mask has an interfacing feature 121 configured to, in use, interface with a patient interface 10100, 10100? provided on the patient 10020.

Abstract: There is provided a device for measuring a person's ventilation or metabolism metrics. The device includes a conduit shaped to receive an exhalation of air therethrough. The device includes at least one gas sensor passively sampling said exhalation of air by means of a positive or negative pressure differential. The device includes a pump configured to assist in said passive sampling. The pump is configured to adjust the flow rate of a sample portion of said exhalation of air passing through to the at least one gas sensor, so as to be proportional or linear within a predetermined threshold, to the flow rate of the exhalation of air passing through the conduit. The device is configured to operate via both breath-mixing and breath-by-breath modes using a single flow path. The device is configured to change between the breath-mixing and breath-by-breath modes as a function of operation of the pump.

Abstract: An apparatus for the supply of humidified gases to a patient is disclosed that comprises a gases supply passage downstream of a humidified gases supply, and upstream of a patient in use, where at least one sensor is embedded in or located on the outside of the wall of the passage. In preferred forms the wall of the passage divides the sensor(s) from a flow of gases in the passage. In use, a controller receives an output of the sensor(s) and derives from the output of the sensor(s) an estimation of a property of gases flowing through the passage or provides a control output to the humidified gases supply according to the output of the sensor(s).

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward systems and methods for retargeting a user's input digital design based on a selected template digital design. For example, in response to the user's selection of a template digital design, one or more embodiments described herein change various design features of the user's input digital design to match corresponding design features in the selected template digital design. One or more embodiments described herein also provide template digital designs to the user for use in retargeting after a two-step selection process that ensures the provided template digital designs are compatible with the user's input digital design.

Abstract: A bone screw assembly includes an anchor portion and a head portion, such as a rod-receiving portion, movably mounted to the anchor portion to allow for controlled angulation between the anchor portion and the head portion. The anchor portion is pivotable in one or more selected directions about an axis relative to the head portion. A restriction member, which may be a rod seat, prevents the anchor portion from pivoting in one or more different directions about another axis relative to the head portion and/or a spinal fixation element received in the head portion. The restriction member may be inserted in the head portion to control direction that the anchor portion pivots relative to the head portion. The restriction member may also serve as a compression member and/or rod seat for seating a spinal rod coupled to the bone screw assembly.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining causal models for controlling environments. One of the methods includes identifying a procedural instance; determining a temporal extent for the procedural instance based on temporal extent parameters for the one or more entities in the procedural instance; selecting control settings for the procedural instance; monitoring environment responses to the control settings that are received for the one or more entities; determining which of the environment responses to attribute to the procedural instance in a causal model; and adjusting, based at least in part on the environment responses that are attributed to the procedural instance, the temporal extent parameters for the one or more entities.

Abstract: This invention relates to headgear and a patient interface, or components of a headgear or patient interface, such as a nasal cannula. In one embodiment is a size adjustable headstrap to be provided as a headgear or a part thereof, in another is a portion of a headstrap or component for association therewith in which the portion or component facilitates improved location of the strap upon a user's face, in another embodiment is a system for encapsulating or covering a connector from contact with a user's face or facial skin, in another embodiment is a face mount part or body for a patient interface of a particular configuration, and in yet a further embodiment is a gases flow manifold for delivering of gases to a patient interface of a particular configuration for improved patient comfort.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides to graphical user interfaces for controlling a flow therapy apparatus. The graphical user interface can provide a display of flow therapy treatment information and indicators of a patient's health. The graphical user interface can be configured to display the information associated with the patient on one or more user interface screens.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining causal models for controlling environments.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides to graphical user interfaces for controlling a flow therapy apparatus. The graphical user interface can provide a display of flow therapy treatment information and indicators of a patient's health. The graphical user interface can be configured to display the information associated with the patient on one or more user interface screens.

Abstract: A breathing assistance apparatus is configured with features that improve serviceability of the apparatus. The apparatus can include animations to provide instruction regarding correcting easily-identified fault conditions and to provide instruction regarding routine maintenance routines. The apparatus also can be configured with top level control menus that are obscured in a manner to limit manipulation of the top level control elements by unauthorized users.