Abstract: A catalyst precursor comprising an iron species, an alkali metal or salt thereof and a complexing agent, a catalyst obtainable from said precursor, and a process for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide using either said catalyst precursor or said catalyst to yield olefins or fuels, such as jet fuel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for (a) recycling plastic; and/or (b) producing hydrogen; and/or (c) producing syngas; and/or (d) producing carbon nanotubes, wherein the process comprises exposing a solid composition comprising one or more thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers to electromagnetic radiation in the presence of a solid catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises elemental iron (Fe) or an oxide thereof. Also provided is a solid composition comprising a catalyst in intimate mixture with one or more thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers, wherein the catalyst comprises elemental iron (Fe) or an oxide thereof. Also provided is the use of said solid composition to produce hydrogen, syngas and/or carbon nanotubes, and a microwave reactor comprising said solid composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for upgrading a petroleum product comprising mixing the petroleum product with an upgrading solution to provide a two-phase mixture consisting of an extract phase and a raffinate phase, wherein the upgrading solution comprises a pyrolysis oil and optionally a polar organic solvent. In other aspects, the invention provides an upgrading solution comprising a pyrolysis oil and optionally a polar organic solvent and uses thereof. Furthermore, an upgraded petroleum product and raffinate phase is provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a modified zeolite, a method of preparing the modified zeolite and a method of one cycle alkylating benzene in presence of one of an unmodified and modified zeolite catalyst. The modified zeolite catalyst includes zeolite with ratio of silica to alumina ranging between 5% to 95% of silica and 95% to 5% alumina, kaolinite and a binder, wherein the zeolite is modified with one or more metal oxides of Lanthanide-series of the Periodic Table. The method of alkylating benzene is one cycle process in presence of a catalyst that includes charging benzene and ethylene gas feedstock to an alkylation zone. Heated benzene and the ethylene gas feedstock are contacted in a fixed bed reactor in the alkylation zone. The catalyst for alkylating benzene is added in a catalyst zone of the fixed bed reactor.

Abstract: The invention provides a modified zeolite, a method of preparing the modified zeolite and a method of one cycle alkylating benzene in presence of one of an unmodified and modified zeolite catalyst. The modified zeolite catalyst includes zeolite with ratio of silica to alumina ranging between 5% to 95% of silica and 95% to 5% alumina, kaolinite and a binder, wherein the zeolite is modified with one or more metal oxides of Lanthanide-series of the Periodic Table. The method of alkylating benzene is one cycle process in presence of a catalyst that includes charging benzene and ethylene gas feedstock to an alkylation zone. Heated benzene and the ethylene gas feedstock are contacted in a fixed bed reactor in the alkylation zone. The catalyst for alkylating benzene is added in a catalyst zone of the fixed bed reactor.

Abstract: The invention provides a transparent conducting film which comprises a compound of formula (I): Zn1-x[M]xO1-y[X]y(I) wherein: x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.25; y is from 0 to 0.1; [X] is at least one dopant element which is a halogen; and [M] is: (a) a dopant element which is selected from: a group 14 element other than carbon; a lanthanide element which has an oxidation state of +4; and a transition metal which has an oxidation state of +4 and which is other than Ti or Zr; or (b) a combination of two or more different dopant elements, at least one of which is selected from: a group 14 element other than carbon; a lanthanide element which has an oxidation state of +4; and a transition metal which has an oxidation state of +4 and which is other than Ti or Zr. The invention further provides coatings comprising the films of the invention, processes for producing such films and coatings, and various uses of the films and coatings.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing a transparent conducting film, which film comprises a doped zinc oxide wherein the dopant comprises Si, which process comprises: disposing a composition which is a liquid composition or a gel composition onto a substrate, wherein the composition comprises Zn and Si; and heating said substrate. The invention further provides transparent conducting films obtainable by the process of the invention, including transparent conducting films which comprise a doped zinc oxide wherein the dopant comprises Si, and wherein the film covers a surface area equal to or greater than 0.01 m2. The invention also provides a coated substrate, which substrate comprises a surface, which surface is coated with a transparent conducting film, wherein the film comprises a doped zinc oxide wherein the dopant comprises Si, and wherein the area of said surface which is coated with said film is equal to or greater than 0.01 m2.

Abstract: The invention provides a transparent conducting film which comprises a compound of formula (I): Zn1-x[M]xO1-y[X]y(I) wherein: x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.25; y is from 0 to 0.1; [X] is at least one dopant element which is a halgen; and [M] is: (a) a dopant element which is selected from: a group 14 element other than carbon; a lanthanide element which has an oxidation state of +4; and a transition metal which has an oxidation state of +4 and which is other than Ti or Zr; or (b) a combination of two or more different dopant elements, at least one of which is selected from: a group 14 element other than carbon; a lanthanide element which has an oxidation state of +4; and a transition metal which has an oxidation state of +4 and which is other than Ti or Zr. The invention further provides coatings comprising the films of the invention, processes for producing such films and coatings, and various uses of the films and coatings.

Abstract: The invention provides a transparent conducting film which comprises a compound of formula (I): Zn1-x[M]xO1-y[X]y(I) wherein: x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.25; y is from 0 to 0.1; [X] is at least one dopant element which is a halogen; and [M] is: (a) a dopant element which is selected from: a group 14 element other than carbon; a lanthanide element which has an oxidation state of +4; and a transition metal which has an oxidation state of +4 and which is other than Ti or Zr; or (b) a combination of two or more different dopant elements, at least one of which is selected from: a group 14 element other than carbon; a lanthanide element which has an oxidation state of +4; and a transition metal which has an oxidation state of +4 and which is other than Ti or Zr. The invention further provides coatings comprising the films of the invention, processes for producing such films and coatings, and various uses of the films and coatings.

Abstract: Novel mixed alkali metal borohydrides are disclosed which can be used as hydrogen storage materials.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing a transparent conducting film, which film comprises a doped zinc oxide wherein the dopant comprises Si, which process comprises: disposing a composition which is a liquid composition or a gel composition onto a substrate, wherein the composition comprises Zn and Si; and heating said substrate. The invention further provides transparent conducting films obtainable by the process of the invention, including transparent conducting films which comprise a doped zinc oxide wherein the dopant comprises Si, and wherein the film covers a surface area equal to or greater than 0.01 m2. The invention also provides a coated substrate, which substrate comprises a surface, which surface is coated with a transparent conducting film, wherein the film comprises a doped zinc oxide wherein the dopant comprises Si, and wherein the area of said surface which is coated with said film is equal to or greater than 0.01 m2.

Abstract: A method of producing NH2(R2), the method comprising reacting a metal hydride with a compound having the general formula: M1X(BH4)y(NH2(R2))n wherein M1 comprises one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, La, Al, Ga and Sc; 0<n?4; R2 comprises —H, alkyl and an aromatic substituent; and x and y are selected so as to maintain electroneutrality.

Abstract: Novel mixed alkali metal borohydrides are disclosed which can be used as hydrogen storage materials. Processes for producing the mixed alkali metal borohydrides and their use in hydrogen storage devices are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides a transparent conducting film which comprises a compound of formula (I): Zn1-x[M]xO1-y[X]y(I) wherein: x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.25; y is from 0 to 0.1; [X] is at least one dopant element which is a halogen; and [M] is: (a) a dopant element which is selected from: a group 14 element other than carbon; a lanthanide element which has an oxidation state of +4; and a transition metal which has an oxidation state of +4 and which is other than Ti or Zr; or (b) a combination of two or more different dopant elements, at least one of which is selected from: a group 14 element other than carbon; a lanthanide element which has an oxidation state of +4; and a transition metal which has an oxidation state of +4 and which is other than Ti or Zr. The invention further provides coatings comprising the films of the invention, processes for producing such films and coatings, and various uses of the films and coatings.

Abstract: A method of producing NH2 (R2), the method comprising reacting a metal hydride with a compound having the general formula: M1x (BH4)y (NH2 (R2))n wherein M1 comprises one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, La, Al, Ga and Sc; 0<n?4; R2 comprises —H, alkyl and an aromatic substituent; and x and y are selected so as to maintain electroneutrality.

Abstract: Superconducting compositions characterized by the formula (Pb.sub.a A.sub.1-a)(Sr.sub.b Ba.sub.1-b).sub.2 (Ca.sub.c B.sub.1-c)Cu.sub.2 O.sub.7 wherein at least half the A atoms are Hg and the remainder, if any, are selected from one or more of Cd, Tl and Cu, B is selected from Y and the rare earths, a is from 0.3 to 0.7, b is from 0 to 1 and c is from 0.2 to 0.5 are disclosed. The superconductive compositions display zero-resistance temperatures up to about 80K.

Abstract: This invention relates to inorganic materials which incorporate metallic material and which have desirable magnetic properties, to methods of making such filled materials, and to applications of the filled material, including their use as fillers in plastics and in ceramics. An inorganic material is provided having a microporous structure (as hereinbefore defined) in which at least some of the micropores thereof are at least partially filled by at least one metal, metal alloy or metal compound or mixture thereof forming a structure within the micropores and which are present in an amount sufficient to modify the magnetic and optionally the electrically conductive properties of the unfilled material. Preferably the structure formed within the micropores is a dimensional structure (as hereinbefore defined) which is influenced by the structure of the microporous material. A preferred material is a zeolite loaded with at least 1% by weight of cobalt.

Abstract: Superconducting materials of the (T1,In)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system-type are modified to raise their critical tempertures by substituting an element M for part of the Tl/In and optionally substituting Y or a rare earth element for some of the Ca.M is a transition metal with valency electrons in d orbitals in its normal state and having accessible tri-and/or tetra-valent states, that is V, Ti, Cr, Zr, Nb, Hf or Ta (which are preferred) Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Rh, W, Os, Ir, Re or Ru.