Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of spectroscopic monitoring of liquids. In particular, among other aspects, disclosed herein are novel Raman spectrometry (RS)- and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF)-enabled water quality monitoring devices, as well as methods, computer-implemented methods, or programmes for processing spectral data received therefrom.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting binary data trains of 0 and 1 data bits, or combinations of these data bits over a communications network. The data bits are converted into pulses whose polarity changes from pulse to pulse, so as to enable an optimal exploitation of the transmission channel with a low error rate. The pulses generated by an apparatus of the present invention have a signal shape that produces a minimum inter-symbol interference. Processing and evaluation of the transmitted pulses are performed by a processor, so that a minimal error rate is attainable even under unfavorable transmission conditions.