Abstract: A system and method comprising several hardware and software components that work together to achieve the goal of performance prediction. The hardware components include neuroimaging collection hardware and a computing system. The neuroimaging hardware obtains the brain signals and sends this first set of data to a computational resource for further analysis. A second sent of data is the task performance scores of the participants. This second set is also set to the computational resource. The inventive system can predict a learning rate of target tasks for an individual from just a few minutes of off-task, resting-state neuroimaging data.

Abstract: A method for evaluating team performance of a first subject and a second subject in a complex task requiring communication and cooperation. A first display is provided to the first subject and a second display is provided to the second subject. Neither subject can see the other's display. One or more targets and distractor targets are provided on the displays. A designated target is revealed to the first subject on the first display. An identical target is presented on the second display, but it is not designated and it exists in a field of potential targets and distractor targets. The first subject must verbally communicate information to the second subject identifying the designated target. Elapsed time from the designation of the target to the completion of the task is measured and used to evaluate the performance of the first and second subjects.

Abstract: Techniques for determining user types based on multi-modal clustering are provided. The topology, content and usage of a document collection or web site is determined. The user paths are identified using longest repeating subsequence techniques and a multi-modal information need vector is determined for each significant user path. Multi-modal vectors for each document in the significant path, content, uniform resource locators, inlink and outlink multi-modal vectors are determined and combined based on path position and access frequency. Multi-modal clustering is performed based on a multi-modal similarity function and a specified measure of similarity using a type of multi-modal clustering such as K-means or wavefront clustering. The identified clusters may be further analyzed based on changes to the weighting of the corresponding content, url, inlinks and outlinks multi-modal feature vectors.

Abstract: Techniques for determining user types based on multi-modal clustering are provided. The topology, content and usage of a document collection or web site is determined. The user paths are identified using longest repeating subsequence techniques and a multi-modal information need vector is determined for each significant user path. Multi-modal vectors for each document in the significant path, content, uniform resource locators, inlink and outlink multi-modal vectors are determined and combined based on path position and access frequency. Multi-modal clustering is performed based on a multi-modal similarity function and a specified measure of similarity using a type of multi-modal clustering such as K-means or wavefront clustering. The identified clusters may be further analyzed based on changes to the weighting of the corresponding content, url, inlinks and outlinks multi-modal feature vectors.

Abstract: A method, system and software for controlling the number of times that a usage right associated with a digital work can be exercised, including creating a digital work; determining a usage right for the digital work, the usage right specifying a digital ticket, the digital ticket indicating a number of times the usage right may be exercised; requesting access to the digital work including an identification of the usage right; determining the validity of the usage right based on a number of times the digital ticket has been used; granting or denying access to the digital work based on the result of the determining step; and updating the digital ticket if access to the digital work is granted.

Abstract: A method, system and software for enforcing execution of executable code in accordance with usage rights, including receiving a request generated by a user computing device to execute the executable code, and determining by a repository included in the user computing device whether the request should be granted based on usage rights associated with the executable code. The usage rights include a manner of use indicating a specific instance of how the executable code can be executed. The executable code is executed on the user computing device in accordance with the manner of use, if it is determined that the request should be granted. The request and the executing are accomplished through an interface. The executable code is executed in an address space of the user computing device. The user computing device is permitted to access the executable code only through the interface.

Abstract: A method, system and software for permitting use of digital works having rights associated therewith within a system having repositories configured to enable use of the digital work in accordance with the rights, including associating a transfer right with a digital work, the transfer right specifying that the digital work is transferred from a first repository to a second repository; transferring the digital work from the first repository to the second repository in accordance with the transfer right; and in response to the transferring, step updating transfer right information in respect of the digital work.

Abstract: A method, system and software for establishing a secure communications channel between repositories using a repository transaction protocol, including generating a registration identifier and registration message including an identification certificate, and an identifier of a master repository that encrypted the identification certificate; receiving the registration message and verifying the identity by verifying the identification certificate; validating the authenticity, including, generating a message to test the authenticity, sending the generated message, and verifying if upon receiving the generated message whether the generated message is correctly processed; and exchanging messages including a session key used for communications and transactions including generating a request for a digital work, associating usage rights information with the request for digital work, and determining if the usage rights information associated with the request corresponds to usage rights associated with the digital work.

Abstract: A client computer requests plural program parts from various servers. The plural parts are authorized in accordance with usage rights and combined to create a new computer program. The parts can be executed as the new computer program on the servers, on the client, or on both the servers and the client.

Abstract: A method, system and software for securely rendering digital documents, including storing a digital document in a document platform; and storing a usage right associated with the digital document. The usage right specifies a manner of use indicating the manner in which the digital document can be rendered by the document platform. The digital document comprises plural parts of digital content. The usage right includes plural usage rights respectively associated with each of the plural parts of digital content. Whether one of the parts of the digital document may be rendered by the document platform is determined based a respective usage right. If the respective usage right allows the digital document to be rendered on the document platform, the corresponding part of the digital document is rendered by the document platform.

Abstract: A method and system for enforcing use of digital content, including electronically recording digital content and usage rights associated with the digital content and which can specify a manner of use of the digital content, and conditions for exercise of the manner of use. The usage rights and conditions can include symbols selected from a set of predetermined symbols which define a valid sequence of symbols that are interpreted by a non-centralized repository to indicate the manner of use for enforcing use of digital content and the conditions. The manner of use can specify how an authorized party is able to render, use, make a back-up copy, conceal or delete the digital content or create a new digital work on a device on which the digital content is stored.

Abstract: A digital work for enforcing use of digital content, including electronically recording digital content and usage rights associated with the digital content and which can specify a manner of use of the digital content, and conditions for exercise of the manner of use. The usage rights and conditions can include symbols selected from a set of predetermined symbols which define a valid sequence of symbols that are interpreted by a non-centralized repository to indicate the manner of use for enforcing use of digital content and the conditions. The manner of use can specify how an authorized party is able to render, use, make a back-up copy, conceal or delete the digital content or create a new digital work on a device on which the digital content is stored.

Abstract: A method, system and software for associating usage rights with digital content, including creating usage rights from a grammar, the usage rights specifying a manner of use indicating purposes for which the digital content is used and/or distributed by an authorized party; associating the usage rights with a digital content; processing a usage transaction specifying the usage rights to determine if access to the digital content is granted; and storing the usage rights in a distributed repository. The usage rights also specify one or more conditions which must be satisfied before the manner of use is exercised. The creating includes selecting symbols from a first set of predetermined symbols to define a valid sequence of symbols to indicate the manner of use, selecting one or more symbols from a second set of predetermined symbols to define a valid sequence of symbols to indicate the conditions.

Abstract: A method, system and software for securely rendering digital documents, including storing a digital document in a document platform; and storing a usage right associated with the digital document. The usage right specifies a manner of use indicating the manner in which the digital document can be rendered by the document platform. The digital document comprises plural parts of digital content. The usage right includes plural usage rights respectively associated with each of the plural parts of digital content. Whether one of the parts of the digital document may be rendered by the document platform is determined based a respective usage right. If the respective usage right allows the digital document to be rendered on the document platform, the corresponding part of the digital document is rendered by the document platform.

Abstract: A method, system and software for enforcing use of digital works in accordance with usage rights associated therewith, including receiving a request to use a digital work; and determining at a non-centralized repository, whether the request should be granted based on usage rights associated with the digital work, wherein the usage rights include a manner of use for indicating how the digital work can be used, and status information relating to the state of the usage of the digital work; enforcing use of the digital work on a computing device in accordance with the manner of use if the result of the determining step is that the request should be granted; and accomplishing one or more transactions with respect to the digital work, including copy, transfer, loan, play, print, backup, restore, delete, directory, folder, extract, embed, edit, execute, authorization, install, and uninstall transactions.

Abstract: A rendering method, system and software for use in a distributed system for managing use and rendering of content in accordance with usage rights associated therewith, and including a rendering device that renders the content; and a distributed repository coupled to the rendering device and including a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation. The first mode of operation receives content from another distributed repository and enforces usage rights associated with the content and permits the rendering device to render the content in accordance with a manner of use specified by the usage rights. The second mode of operation requests the rendering of content received from another distributed repository. The distributed repository permits the content to be rendered only if a manner of use specified in the request corresponds to a manner of use specified in the usage rights.

Abstract: A method, system and software for securely rendering digital documents, including storing a digital document in a document platform; storing a usage right associated with the digital document and specifying a manner of use indicating the number of times the digital document can be rendered; determining whether the digital document may be rendered based the usage right; and if the usage right allows the digital document to be rendered on the document platform, rendering the digital document by the document platform. The digital document includes plural sections of digital content and the usage right includes plural usage rights respectively associated with each of the plural sections of content. The plural sections of digital content and the plural usage rights are a composite digital work. Each of the sections and corresponding usage right are separately accessible.

Abstract: A digital work and data structure for use within a system for enforcing usage rights associated with digital content, including a description tree file including descriptor blocks organized in a hierarchical manner. The descriptor blocks include usage rights associated with the digital content, and specifying a manner of use of the digital content, a content identifier including a unique identifier of the digital content, and a usage rights portion including the usage rights. The digital content includes plural content portions, and the usage rights portion includes a rights code field including a code indicative of the manner of use of the digital content and a status information field including information relating to a state of the manner of use.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling execution of a computer program in accordance with usage rights, including receiving, by a server repository, a request from a requester repository to execute the computer program; determining, by a server repository, based on usage rights associated with the computer program, whether the request should be granted, the usage rights including a manner of use; granting the request of the requester repository, by the server repository, if the determined result is that the request should be granted; and executing the computer program in accordance with the granted manner of use. The manner of use included in the usage rights specifies how the associated computer program can be used. The request from the requestor repository specifies a particular manner of use and whether the particular manner of use specified in the request corresponds to a manner of use included in the usage rights also is determined.

Abstract: A trusted system having at least one repository for controlling use of digital works in accordance with usage rights associated with the digital works. The system comprises means for receiving a request to access a digital work in accordance with usage rights associated with the digital work, the usage rights specifying a manner of access and indicating a security class, means for determining a security level of a repository controlling the requested access, and means for granting the request and permitting exercise of the manner of access specified in the usage rights associated with the digital work in accordance with the usage rights if the security level of the repository corresponds to the security class specified in the usage rights associated with the digital work. The security class indicates a security level of a repository that can access the digital work, and the usage rights are expressed with a grammar.