Abstract: A medical imaging system for detecting ionizing radiation. The system includes one or more pixilated imagers positioned to acquire patient image data and one or more position sensors positioned to acquire patient position data. Once the patient image data and patient position data are acquired, one or more processors operably connected to each of the one or more pixilated imagers and one or more position sensors calculate a three-dimensional mass distribution based on patient image data and patient position data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for calibrating multiple electronic devices are described herein. Such methods may include obtaining, by a processor, data from a plurality of reference electronic devices, analyzing, by a processor, the data and calibrating, by the processor, the electronic device based on the analyzed data obtained from the plurality of reference electronic devices.

Abstract: A medical imaging system for detecting ionizing radiation. The system includes one or more pixilated imagers positioned to acquire patient image data and one or more position sensors positioned to acquire patient position data. Once the patient image data and patient position data are acquired, one or more processors operably connected to each of the one or more pixilated imagers and one or more position sensors calculate a three-dimensional mass distribution based on patient image data and patient position data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for calibrating multiple electronic devices are described herein. Such methods may include obtaining, by a processor, data from a plurality of reference electronic devices, analyzing, by a processor, the data and calibrating, by the processor, the electronic device based on the analyzed data obtained from the plurality of reference electronic devices.

Abstract: A medical imaging system for detecting ionizing radiation. The system includes one or more pixilated imagers positioned to acquire patient image data and one or more position sensors positioned to acquire patient position data. Once the patient image data and patient position data are acquired, one or more processors operably connected to each of the one or more pixilated imagers and one or more position sensors calculate a three-dimensional mass distribution based on patient image data and patient position data.

Abstract: A medical imaging system for detecting ionizing radiation. The system includes one or more pixilated imagers positioned to acquire patient image data and one or more position sensors positioned to acquire patient position data. Once the patient image data and patient position data are acquired, one or more processors operably connected to each of the one or more pixilated imagers and one or more position sensors calculate a three-dimensional mass distribution based on patient image data and patient position data.

Abstract: A medical imaging system for detecting ionizing radiation. The system includes one or more pixilated imagers positioned to acquire patient image data and one or more position sensors positioned to acquire patient position data. Once the patient image data and patient position data are acquired, one or more processors operably connected to each of the one or more pixilated imagers and one or more position sensors calculate a three-dimensional mass distribution based on patient image data and patient position data.

Abstract: A medical imaging system for detecting ionizing radiation. The system includes one or more pixilated imagers positioned to acquire patient image data and one or more position sensors positioned to acquire patient position data. Once the patient image data and patient position data are acquired, one or more processors operably connected to each of the one or more pixilated imagers and one or more position sensors calculate a three-dimensional mass distribution based on patient image data and patient position data.

Abstract: A medical imaging system for detecting ionizing radiation. The system includes one or more pixilated imagers positioned to acquire patient image data and one or more position sensors positioned to acquire patient position data. Once the patient image data and patient position data are acquired, one or more processors operably connected to each of the one or more pixilated imagers and one or more position sensors calculate a three-dimensional mass distribution based on patient image data and patient position data.

Abstract: A two-part educational system uses a virtual reality environment created on an internet connected computer or mobile device, populated with historical characters who are Expert Avatars, and which can be entered by students as avatars; and e-books or print books in which a fictional virtual reality environment is a central feature. Readers can visit a computer-based virtual reality environment, which reproduces the visits made by the book characters, to expand their knowledge through interactions with the activities and the Expert Avatars found there. Readers can also play a game in the computer-based virtual reality environment in which the Expert Avatar can provide information to make strategic game choices.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to systems, devices, and methods for using mobile devices to detect a simulated source, and games and training exercises using these systems, devices, and methods. In some embodiments, the source may be a simulated hazardous material that emits energy, particles, or vapors that can also be simulated by the mobile devices. In such embodiments, the systems, devices, and methods can be used to simulate an incident involving the release of hazardous materials such as, for example, a chemical or radioactive material spill or attack by chemical, biological, nuclear, or radioactive (dirty bomb) weapons. In other embodiments, the system can be used to simulate an object used in a game such as a ball, puck, or goal and monitor movement of the object and players using a mobile device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for identifying pixels in digital images and video images that have interacted with high energy particles are described herein and using this system to coordination imagers and network alerts to permit the system to separate non-radioactive objects from radioactive objects.

Abstract: Systems and methods for calibrating multiple electronic devices are described herein. Such methods may include obtaining, by a processor, data from a plurality of reference electronic devices, analyzing, by a processor, the data and calibrating, by the processor, the electronic device based on the analyzed data obtained from the plurality of reference electronic devices.

Abstract: A fault detection and classification system for wafer etching, tool cleaning, and other fabrication processes employs exhaust gas composition data from a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer in addition to machine-state and other process-state data. Process control may be initiated based upon the classification of a fault.

Abstract: An implementation of sensor-driven run-to-run process control for semiconductor wafer fabrication integrates a robust, automated Fourier transform infrared reflectometer onto a wafer fabrication cluster tool. Cell controller software integrates an adaptive run-to-run controller, process tool recipe upload and download through a SECS port, sensor control, data archiving, and a graphical user interface.

Abstract: A fast and practical method for the analysis of patterned samples of semiconductor integrated circuits, and other materials, determines the thickness and composition of layers fabricated during manufacture. The method employs a measurement spot that is sufficiently large to irradiate areas of two or more different regions of the sample that result from its patterned features, generally at replicable locations. In carrying out the method, one or more of reflectance, transmittance, and radiance spectrance is measured, and the various parameters characterizing the thickness and composition in the patterned areas are obtained using, for example, a model-based analysis of the polarization and amplitude of the emanating radiation, the model parameters being iteratively adjusted to achieve a match with measured values.

Abstract: A moving mirror interferometer consists of a back-to-back double mirror, operatively interposed in the paths of beams from a beamsplitter/parallel reflecting mirror combiner, and a corner cube retroreflector. One beam component from the combiner is directed toward the retroreflector, and arrives therefrom at one side of the double mirror rotated 180.degree. about its central axis; the other component from the combiner arrives at the opposite side of the double mirror without axial rotation. Alignment in the interferometer is insensitive to shearing or tilting of the optical components; the components may be semi-rigidly mounted for resilient deflection, so as to isolate them against distortion of the supporting structure, and dynamic beam path-length variation may optimally be produced by moving the corner cube retroreflector, the back-to-back double mirror, or both.

Abstract: The method determines the thickness and the free carrier concentration of at least one layer of a structure. An exposed surface of the structure is irradiated using spectral radiation, and the measured reflectance spectrum is compared to a calculated spectrum. Using algorithms that include terms representative of complex refractive indices, layer thickness, dielectric constants, and free carrier concentrations, values are iteratively assigned to the thickness and free carrier concentration parameters so as to produce a best fit relationship between the compared spectra, and to thereby determine those parameters.

Abstract: The structure of the invention serves to support mirrors defining a reflective channel, which can dynamically be reciprocally widened and narrowed, as in a two-beam interferometer. It is effectively divided, by pivot points on an intermedial axis, into two opposite portions of equal mass, thus affording to the structure immunization against translational forces transmitted through those points. The opposite portions also have their centers of gravity remotely located, so as to generate a counteracting torque in response to moments of rotational inertia transmitted through the pivot points. In the structure, integrally formed planar pieces are assembled to provide contiguous elongate elements and an interposed connecting web element, a plurality of which web elements produce a flexure joint.

Abstract: The structure serves to support any of various elements and objects, normally for translational movement. It is effectively divided, by pivot points on an intermedial axis, into two opposite portions of equal mass, thus affording to the structure immunization against translational forces transmitted through those points. The opposite portions also have their centers of gravity remotely located, so as to generate a counteracting torque in response to moments of rotational inertia transmitted through the pivot points. Integrally formed planar pieces are assembled to provide contiguous elongate elements and an interposed connecting web element, a plurality of which web elements produce a flexure joint in the structure.