Abstract: Disclosed are arrangements which seek to update schemas in a controlled manner so that a device (3710) or service can accurately parse documents conforming to a new version of a schema (3724, 3734) without the need for translation services or extra information within the document to provide guides for translation. One embodiment provides a “best-effort” attempt to process documents of an unknown schema, based on a defined similarity threshold, instead of rejecting such documents as being invalid. The arrangements disclosed seek to provide a satisfactory output from an input document that conforms with an unexpected schema. A method for constraining evolution of a schema associated with a markup language includes the steps of defining the schema and defining a metaschema associated with the schema. The metaschema provides rules for valid changes to the schema.

Abstract: A method (300) of encoding an image into an image code-stream. The method (300) generates a reduced resolution representation of the image and encodes the reduced resolution representation in accordance with a multi-resolution format to form an encoded reduced resolution representation of the image. The encoded reduced resolution representation is embedded into a first portion of the image code-stream and a compressed representation of the image is encoded into a further portion of the image code-stream.

Abstract: A method (300) of encoding an image into an image code-stream. The method (300) generates a reduced resolution representation of the image and encodes the reduced resolution representation in accordance with a multi-resolution format to form an encoded reduced resolution representation of the image. The encoded reduced resolution representation is embedded into a first portion of the image code-stream and a compressed representation of the image is encoded into a further portion of the image code-stream.