Abstract: Techniques are provided for enabling a collaborative music session between multiple participants. In certain embodiments, a user may create a jam session using his/her electronic device. One or more other participants may then join the jam session using their electronic devices. The jam session participants may then jam together using their electronic devices as virtual music instruments. A musical memento of the jam session can then be stored for subsequent playback.

Abstract: A multitube fixed bed reactor and the use of such a reactor for carrying out catalytic gas-phase reactions, in particular for carrying out exothermic and endothermic catalytic gas-phase reactions such as the preparation of phthalic anhydride (PA), acrylic acid, methacrylic acid (MAA), acrolein, maleic anhydride (MA), glyoxal, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid or vinyl formamide (VFA). In a relatively large multitube reactor in which a large amount of heat of reaction is generated owing to the numerous catalyst tubes (17) and has to be removed, it is proposed that the ratio of tube spacing t to external tube diameter da be made dependent on the reactor diameter or on the external tube bundle diameter dRBa. At an external diameter of the catalyst tube bundle (18) of more than 4 meters, a ratio of tube spacing d to external tube diameter da of at least 1.3 is preferred.

Abstract: A process for preparing phthalic anhydride by gas-phase oxidation of xylene, naphthalene or mixtures thereof over two different fixed-bed catalysts arranged in zones in a shell-and-tube reactor which is thermostated by means of a heat transfer medium is carried out so that the maximum temperature in the second catalyst zone in the flow direction is at least 52° C. lower than the maximum temperature in the first catalyst zone. The process of the present invention makes it possible to prepare phthalic anhydride in high yields under conditions relevant to industrial practice.

Abstract: A process for preparing phthalic anhydride by gas-phase oxidation of xylene, naphthalene or mixtures thereof over two different fixed-bed catalysts arranged in zones in a shell-and-tube reactor which is thermostated by means of a heat transfer medium is carried out so that the maximum temperature in the second catalyst zone in the flow direction is at least 52° C. lower than the maximum temperature in the first catalyst zone.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons are partially oxidized in the gas phase over a catalyst at elevated temperature to form carboxylic acids or carboxylic anhydrides in a process in which a gas stream laden with the starting materials is passed through a shell-and-tube reactor whose temperature is controlled by means of one or more separate thermostatting baths conveyed in countercurrent to the starting gas stream, wherein the difference between the temperature of the thermostatting bath in the region of the reactor outlet and the temperature of the product gas stream leaving the reactor is employed to control the selectivity of the gas-phase oxidation.

Abstract: On-spec phthalic anhydride is prepared by distillative purification of crude phthalic anhydride by a process in which crude phthalic anhydride is fed to a distillation column which is operated at reduced pressure, the low boilers are removed at the top or in the vicinity of the top of the distillation column and the on-spec phthalic anhydride is removed from the column via a side take-off.

Abstract: In a process for preparing phthalic anhydride by passing a gas stream comprising o-xylene, oxygen and sulfur dioxide at elevated temperature over a catalyst comprising heavy metals, the content of N-acyl compounds in the gas stream is restricted to less than 200 ppm, based on the weight of o-xylene.

Abstract: Per(poly)fluorinated polyoxyethylated carbamates of general formula (I) in which R.sub.F represents a perfluorinated group containing between 1 and 18 carbon atoms, W represents an oxo group or nothing, n is an integer from 1 to 10, m is from values 2 to 6, 80 or not defined, R is an alkyl group, R.sub.F W(CH.sub.2).sub.n+1 NHC(O)-- in which R.sub.F and W are as defined above, --(CHCH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 O).sub.30 (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.80 C(O)NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n+1 R.sub.F in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated group containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R' is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group containing between 1 and 18 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted, an optionally substituted aryl or aralkyl group, an allyl, methallyl or propargyl group or a perfluorinated chain having between 1 and 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N,N-dialkylarylamines (I) by reacting arylamines (II) with alcohols (IIIa) or dialkyl ethers (IIIb) in the presence of an oxygen acid of phosphorus or in the presence of an ammonium salt thereof as catalyst, comprises reacting the oxygen acid of phosphorus with an arylamine (IV) before the reaction is commenced. The invention also relates to the regeneration of the catalyst by occasionally interrupting the reaction and treating the catalyst phase at from 100.degree. to 300.degree. C. with steam or water.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyisobutene from isobutene and/or hydrocarbons containing isobutene in the presence of a complex of BF.sub.3 and an alcohol, wherein the free BF.sub.3 is substantially removed from the complex solution and/or from the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A method for preparing perfluorinated heterocyclic compounds corresponding to the formulas Ia and Ib ##STR1## wherein m represents 3 or 4, andX is a --CF.sub.2 --O--CF.sub.2 -- group, a --CF.sub.2 --CF.sub.2 --CF.sub.2 -- group, or a --CF(CF.sub.3)--CF.sub.2 -- group,and their mixtures, and the perfluoro-N-cyclohexylmorpholine prepared by this method. The compounds are obtained by electrochemical perfluorination starting from corresponding cycloalkenyl derivatives, and they can be used for preparing medically usable aqueous emulsions, e.g. blood substitutes.

Abstract: The use of perfluorinated heterocyclic compounds of the general formula I, ##STR1## wherein n represents 2-8,X and Y represent a --CF.sub.2 OCF.sub.2 -- group, a --CF.sub.2 --CF.sub.2 --CF.sub.2 -- group or a --CF(CF.sub.3)--CF.sub.2 -- group, andY is a --CF.sub.2 --O--CF.sub.2 -- group, a --CF(CF.sub.3)--CF.sub.2 -- group or a --CF.sub.2 --CF.sub.2 --CF.sub.2 -- group,or mixtures thereof, is described as emulsion-stabilizing additives in medically usable aqueous emulsions of perfluorocarbons, optionally containing hetero atoms, suitable for use in blood substitutes. The compounds are obtained by electrochemical perfluorination.

Abstract: A method for preparing perfluorinated heterocyclic compounds corresponding to the formulas Ia and Ib ##STR1## wherein m represents 3 or 4, andx is a --CF.sub.2 --O--CF.sub.2 -- group, a --CF.sub.2 --CF.sub.2 --CF.sub.2 -- group, or a --CF(CF.sub.3)--CF.sub.2 -- group,and their mixtures, and the perfluoro-N-cyclohexylmorpholine prepared by this method. The compounds are obtained by electrochemical perfluorination starting from corresponding cycloalkenyl derivatives, and they can be used for preparing medically usable aqueous emulsions, e.g. blood substitutes.

Abstract: A flow line weighing device for weighing material flowing over a plate. The plate has one or more force transducers mounted on the plate so that the plate is directly and solely supported by the transducer or transducers. The output signal, or additive signal, of the transducer or transducers, respectively, is processed to give a readout which is independent of the area of the plate. Thus a direct reading is obtained without the requirement of the mechanical transmission of a force to the sensing units.

Abstract: This invention relates to load cells having integral load measurement and measurement data output means. Load cells have previously comprised a load support member and a force detection element and all detection and measurement of the electrical characteristic of the force detection element have take place external to the load cell device.

Abstract: A process for reactivating a vanadium-containing oxidation catalyst, wherein the catalyst is treated first at from 100.degree. to 600.degree. C., with a volatile phosphorus compound in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas, and then at from 50.degree. to 600.degree. C. with sulfur trioxide or a mixture of a volatile sulfur compound and an oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: A supported catalyst, containing vanadium pentoxide, titanium dioxide, phosphorus, rubidium and any optionally added cesium, with or without zirconium dioxide, in which the catalytic material contains from 1 to 40% by weight of V.sub.2 O.sub.5, from 60 to 99% by weight of TiO.sub.2 and/or ZrO.sub.2 and, based on the total amount of TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2 and V.sub.2 O.sub.5, up to 2% by weight of phosphorus and up to 1.5% by weight of rubidium and/or cesium, and which comprises two layers, of which the inner layer contains more than 0.2 and up to 2% by weight of phosphorus, but no rubidium and/or cesium, and the outer layer contains from 0 to 0.2% by weight of phosphorus and from 0.02 to 1.5% by weight of rubidium and/or cesium, the outer layer accounting for from 10 to 90% by weight of the total catalytic material.

Abstract: A supported catalyst, containing vanadium and titanium and/or zirconium, obtained by applying a mixture of finely divided titanium dioxide and/or zirconium dioxide, and a solution or suspension of a vanadium compound, to an inert, non-porous, ring-shaped carrier having an external diameter of from 6 to 10 mm, a length of from 4 to 10 mm and a wall thickness of from 0.5 to 3 mm, the two end faces of the ring-shaped carrier being outwardly beveled at an angle such that the length of the outer cylindrical wall is at least 20% shorter than the length of the inner cylindrical wall.

Abstract: A process for the separation of rhodium from a solution containing a rhodium carbonyl complex such as is obtained in the carbonylation of an alkanol or of an olefinically or acetylenically unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide and water and conversion of the separated rhodium into a soluble rhodium carbonyl complex, in which the solution containing the rhodium carbonyl complex is treated with hydrogen in the presence of a carrier substance at a temperature of from 25.degree. to 300.degree. C and at a pressure of from 1 to 700 atmospheres, the solution freed from rhodium is separated and the rhodium precipitated on the carrier is converted into a soluble rhodium carbonyl complex by treatment with carbon monoxide in the presence of a solvent and a compound which can replace the carbon monoxide as a ligand at a temperature of from 20.degree. to 300.degree. C and at a pressure of from 1 to 700 atmospheres.