Abstract: A lower element ground plane apparatus for maximizing ground plane surface area in an antenna system, the apparatus involving a lower element of a bi-element antenna and an array of monopole antennas coupled with the lower element of the bi-element antenna, the lower element of the bi-element antenna operable as a ground plane for the array of monopole antennas, whereby ground plane surface area is maximized.

Abstract: A lens apparatus for improving antenna performance, the apparatus involving a lens configured to at least one of focus, refocus, and refract electromagnetic energy for constructively adding gain in a far-field, the lens configured to operably couple with an antenna, whereby electromagnetic energy is omnidirectionally concentrated, whereby antenna gain and directivity are improved, whereby antenna efficiency and antenna frequency range are maintained, and whereby antenna complexity is minimized.

Abstract: A lens apparatus for improving antenna performance, the apparatus involving a lens configured to at least one of focus, refocus, and refract electromagnetic energy for constructively adding gain in a far-field, the lens configured to operably couple with an antenna, whereby electromagnetic energy is omnidirectionally concentrated, whereby antenna gain and directivity are improved, whereby antenna efficiency and antenna frequency range are maintained, and whereby antenna complexity is minimized.

Abstract: A lower element ground plane apparatus for maximizing ground plane surface area in an antenna system, the apparatus involving a lower element of a bi-element antenna and an array of monopole antennas coupled with the lower element of the bi-element antenna, the lower element of the bi-element antenna operable as a ground plane for the array of monopole antennas, whereby ground plane surface area is maximized.

Abstract: An elliptical portion having planform cross-section involving a generally circular configuration and an elevational cross-section having at least a partial elliptical configuration; a conical portion having at least one of a conical configuration and a frustoconical configuration, the conical portion coupled with the elliptical portion; and a modifier feed, the modifier feed having a first feed element and a second feed element, whereby the antenna apparatus is configured to perform as a monopole antenna at a low frequency and as a hybrid monopole-biconical antenna at a high frequency.

Abstract: An antenna comprises a first antenna element, a second antenna element and a fractal element having a first fractal element end, a central fractal element length and a second fractal element end. The first antenna element, the second antenna element and the fractal element are situated in a tapered slot antenna pair configuration along a longitudinal axis. The fractal element is directly coupled to, and forms an electrical connection between, the first antenna element and the second antenna element at a location between a lowest operating frequency phase center and the launch end. The first fractal element end is coupled to the first antenna element. The second fractal element end is coupled to the second antenna element. The central fractal element length is disposed so as to be non-parallel with the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A spiral antenna apparatus utilizes a noise suppression sheet that is interposed between the spiral antenna element and its ground plane. The noise suppression sheet permits an extremely compact spiral antenna apparatus while lessening antenna performance degradation.

Abstract: A compact, omnidirectional, broadband biconical antenna is described, having a first segment with its tip coincident with a horizontal plane, with an elevation angle between 23 degrees and 30 degrees from the horizontal plane; an open second segment joined to a distal end of the first segment, an elevation angle approximately 30 degrees greater than the first segment angle; an open third segment joined to a distal end of the open second segment, an elevation angle approximately 30 degrees greater than the open second segment angle; an open fourth resistive film segment joined to a distal end of the open third segment, an elevation angle approximately equal to the open third segment angle, wherein the segments are mirrored to form a biconical antenna; and a transmission line coupled to the tip of the first segment, interior to the first segment.

Abstract: An antenna includes a support structure and radiating element. The radiating element includes a dielectric planar substrate having a first and a second surface, at least two conductive spiral arms extending outward from and spiraling about an axis of rotation formed on the first surface, and a feed conductor extending outward from and spiraling about an axis of rotation formed on the second surface. The feed conductor may be substantially aligned with one of the conductive spiral arms. When the support structure is placed upon a substantially planar surface, the radiating element is positioned at height h from the planar surface, wherein height h is about one-fourth the wavelength of the antenna's operating frequency. The antenna may produce an omni-directional antenna pattern in azimuth and a broad antenna pattern in elevation, with both patterns having nulls near the horizon. An external reflector may be operatively coupled to the antenna.