Abstract: A programmable logic controller controls at least one robot to manipulate a plurality of workpieces. The programmable logic controller includes a sensor interface configured to receive sensor data that represents information of the workpieces. The programmable logic controller includes a scheduler configured to create a schedule that includes information representing an order in which the workpieces are to be manipulated. The schedule created by the scheduler is based on the sensor data. The programmable logic controller includes a synchronizer that is configured to receive the schedule. The synchronizer is configured to cause a robot to manipulate the workpieces based on the schedule and based on a function block. The function block is configured via the programmable logic controller.

Abstract: In an automated system which includes a robot manipulator, a workcell, and a control system implemented on a hardware platform based on a programmable logic controller (“PLC”), a method and apparatus for performing integrated simulation that does not require the presence of both the robot manipulator and the workcell. If one component is real, the other component is simulated so as to be sufficiently responsive to responses from the real component such that the real component is unable to discern that the other component is not also real. A computing device simultaneously displays simulacra of both the components, real and simulated, and visualizations of the responses provided by each.

Abstract: In an automated system which includes a robot manipulator, a workcell, and a control system implemented on a hardware platform based on a programmable logic controller (“PLC”), a method and apparatus for performing integrated simulation that does not require the presence of both the robot manipulator and the workcell. If one component is real, the other component is simulated so as to be sufficiently responsive to responses from the real component such that the real component is unable to discern that the other component is not also real. A computing device simultaneously displays simulacra of both the components, real and simulated, and visualizations of the responses provided by each.