Abstract: A system that executes a process for mapping cardiac fibrillation and optimizing ablation treatments. The process, in some embodiments, includes: positioning a two dimensional electrode array to several locations in a patient's heart and at each location, obtaining a conduction velocity and a cycle length measurement from at least two local signals in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue. In some embodiments, a regional wavelength is calculated by multiplying the local conduction velocity with the local minimum cycle length. The system can then create a wavelength distribution map that identifies the location of the drivers in the heart. In certain embodiments, the system uses variability of conduction velocity and cycle length in an area to determine the driver type. In some embodiments, the system calculates average distance of drivers to non-conductive tissue boundaries. The system then selects ablation placements that maximize treatment efficacy while minimizing tissue damage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device and method for monitoring bioelectrical signals in cells, tissues, and/or organs. The invention makes use of a unique and innovative retractable mapping catheter and electrode array system that has maximum flexibility to conform to the shape of the tissue substrate upon which it is placed. The flexible nature of the catheter and electrode array system allows the electrodes to adapt to the configuration of the tissue upon which it is placed, thus each electrode in the array is in continuous contact with the substrate.

Abstract: A system that executes a process for mapping cardiac fibrillation and optimizing ablation treatments. The process, in some embodiments, includes: positioning a two dimensional electrode array to several locations in a patient's heart and at each location, obtaining a conduction velocity and a cycle length measurement from at least two local signals in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue. In some embodiments, a regional wavelength is calculated by multiplying the local conduction velocity with the local minimum cycle length. The system can then create a wavelength distribution map that identifies the location of the drivers in the heart. In certain embodiments, the system uses variability of conduction velocity and cycle length in an area to determine the driver type. In some embodiments, the system calculates average distance of drivers to non-conductive tissue boundaries. The system then selects ablation placements that maximize treatment efficacy while minimizing tissue damage.

Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for monitoring electrical biosignals of one or more biological cells, tissues, and/or organs of a patient and assessing a condition of the patient based on the electrical biosignals.

Abstract: Catheters, systems, and related methods for optimized for mapping, minimizing, and treating cardiac fibrillation in a patient, including an array of at least one stacked electrode pair, each electrode pair including a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein each electrode pair is configured to be orthogonal to a surface of a cardiac tissue substrate, wherein each first electrode is in contact with the surface to record a first signal, and wherein each second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a distance which enables the second electrode to record a second signal, wherein the catheter is configured to obtain one or more measurements from at least a first signal and a second signal in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate indicative of a number of electrical circuit cores and distribution of the electrical circuit cores for a duration across the cardiac tissue substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a common mode rejection (CMR) electrode configuration. A CMR electrode configuration improves the spatial resolution of electrogram recordings by increasing the size of a region of cardiac tissue that contributes to the electrogram recording.

Abstract: Catheters, systems, and related methods for optimized for mapping, minimizing, and treating cardiac fibrillation in a patient, including an array of at least one stacked electrode pair, each electrode pair including a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein each electrode pair is configured to be orthogonal to a surface of a cardiac tissue substrate, wherein each first electrode is in contact with the surface to record a first signal, and wherein each second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a distance which enables the second electrode to record a second signal, wherein the catheter is configured to obtain one or more measurements from at least a first signal and a second signal in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate indicative of a number of electrical circuit cores and distribution of the electrical circuit cores for a duration across the cardiac tissue substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes cardiac mapping techniques that find particular use in assessing fibrillation, and which also improve the ability to correctly identify local activation time from signals in any rhythm.

Abstract: Catheters, systems, and related methods for optimized for mapping, minimizing, and treating cardiac fibrillation in a patient, including an array of at least one stacked electrode pair, each electrode pair including a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein each electrode pair is configured to be orthogonal to a surface of a cardiac tissue substrate, wherein each first electrode is in contact with the surface to record a first signal, and wherein each second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a distance which enables the second electrode to record a second signal, wherein the catheter is configured to obtain one or more measurements from at least a first signal and a second signal in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate indicative of a number of electrical circuit cores and distribution of the electrical circuit cores for a duration across the cardiac tissue substrate.

Abstract: Catheters, systems, and related methods for optimized for mapping, minimizing, and treating cardiac fibrillation in a patient, including an array of at least one stacked electrode pair, each electrode pair including a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein each electrode pair is configured to be orthogonal to a surface of a cardiac tissue substrate, wherein each first electrode is in contact with the surface to record a first signal, and wherein each second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a distance which enables the second electrode to record a second signal, wherein the catheter is configured to obtain one or more measurements from at least a first signal and a second signal in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate indicative of a number of electrical circuit cores and distribution of the electrical circuit cores for a duration across the cardiac tissue substrate.

Abstract: A system that executes a process for mapping cardiac fibrillation and optimizing ablation treatments. The process, in some embodiments, includes: positioning a two dimensional electrode array to several locations in a patient's heart and at each location, obtaining a conduction velocity and a cycle length measurement from at least two local signals in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue. In some embodiments, a regional wavelength is calculated by multiplying the local conduction velocity with the local minimum cycle length. The system can then create a wavelength distribution map that identifies the location of the drivers in the heart. In certain embodiments, the system uses variability of conduction velocity and cycle length in an area to determine the driver type. In some embodiments, the system calculates average distance of drivers to non-conductive tissue boundaries. The system then selects ablation placements that maximize treatment efficacy while minimizing tissue damage.

Abstract: Catheters, systems, and related methods for optimized for mapping, minimizing, and treating cardiac fibrillation in a patient, including an array of at least one stacked electrode pair, each electrode pair including a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein each electrode pair is configured to be orthogonal to a surface of a cardiac tissue substrate, wherein each first electrode is in contact with the surface to record a first signal, and wherein each second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a distance which enables the second electrode to record a second signal, wherein the catheter is configured to obtain one or more measurements from at least a first signal and a second signal in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate indicative of a number of electrical circuit cores and distribution of the electrical circuit cores for a duration across the cardiac tissue substrate.

Abstract: Catheters, systems, and related methods for optimized for mapping, minimizing, and treating cardiac fibrillation in a patient, including an array of at least one stacked electrode pair, each electrode pair including a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein each electrode pair is configured to be orthogonal to a surface of a cardiac tissue substrate, wherein each first electrode is in contact with the surface to record a first signal, and wherein each second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a distance which enables the second electrode to record a second signal, wherein the catheter is configured to obtain one or more measurements from at least a first signal and a second signal in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate indicative of a number of electrical circuit cores and distribution of the electrical circuit cores for a duration across the cardiac tissue substrate.

Abstract: Methods and systems for mapping cardiac fibrillation in a patient include deploying a catheter in the patient's heart, wherein the catheter includes an array of at least one stacked electrode pair having a first electrode and a second electrode. Each electrode pair is configured to be orthogonal to the surface of a cardiac tissue substrate. A plurality of measurements are obtained from the electrode array in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate for a duration indicative of a number of electrical circuit cores and distribution of the electrical circuit cores across the cardiac tissue substrate in the patient's heart. These are processed to obtain the density and distribution of electrical circuit cores which are mapped onto a representation of the patient's heart.

Abstract: Catheters, systems, and related methods for optimized for mapping, minimizing, and treating cardiac fibrillation in a patient, including an array of at least one stacked electrode pair, each electrode pair including a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein each electrode pair is configured to be orthogonal to a surface of a cardiac tissue substrate, wherein each first electrode is in contact with the surface to record a first signal, and wherein each second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a distance which enables the second electrode to record a second signal, wherein the catheter is configured to obtain one or more measurements from at least a first signal and a second signal in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate indicative of a number of electrical circuit cores and distribution of the electrical circuit cores for a duration across the cardiac tissue substrate.

Abstract: Methods and systems for optimizing lesion placement to treat cardiac fibrillation in a patient include obtaining a map of one or more measurements indicative of a number and distribution of electrical circuit cores for a duration across a cardiac tissue substrate in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate, identifying at least one region for the duration of the cardiac tissue substrate having a number of electrical circuit cores that is higher than a predetermined density threshold, generating a first sample set of lesions, the first sample set of lesions being registered onto the map, calculating and comparing a first total length of the first sample set of lesions to a predetermined length threshold, determining fitness of the first sample set of lesions, wherein fitness criteria is indicative of the level to which the sample set can terminate or at least minimize cardiac fibrillation.

Abstract: Methods and systems for using feedback to minimize and treat cardiac fibrillation in a patient, includes generating a map of one or more measurements indicative of a number and distribution of electrical circuit cores for a duration across a cardiac tissue substrate in the patient's heart in response to electrical activity, defining an optimal placement of at least one ablation lesion in the cardiac tissue substrate; applying ablation lesion therapy based on the optimal placement; determining whether the ablation lesion therapy minimized or treated cardiac fibrillation; if therapy is determined to have minimized or treated cardiac fibrillation, assessing fibrillogenicity of the cardiac tissue substrate to determine whether fibrillogenicity is below a predetermined threshold; and if therapy is determined to have not minimized or treated cardiac fibrillation, repeating the steps of generating, defining, applying, and determining until ablation lesion therapy minimizes or treats cardiac fibrillation.

Abstract: Methods and systems for assessing cardiac fibrillogenicity in a patient includes generating a map of a duration of one or more measurements indicative of a number of electrical circuit cores and distribution of the electrical circuit cores across a cardiac tissue substrate in the patient's heart in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate, the map being registered onto a representation of the patient's heart, applying a set of executable instructions to the map to define an optimal placement of at least one ablation lesion in the cardiac tissue substrate, and calculating total length of the at least one ablation lesion, wherein the total length measure is indicative of the patient's cardiac fibrillogenicity to inform treatment using catheter ablation.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining optimal spatial resolution for mapping cardiac fibrillation in a patient, including obtaining one or more electrograms, having an initial spatial resolution; calculating at least one electrogram frequency; obtaining one or more electrograms, having a higher spatial resolution; calculating at least one electrogram frequency, having a higher spatial resolution; comparing at least one electrogram frequency having a higher spatial resolution with at least one electrogram frequency having an initial spatial resolution; iterating the steps above until the electrogram frequencies of the two compared electrograms are the same; and identifying at least one of minimum spatial resolution threshold and an optimal spatial resolution based on the step of comparing.

Abstract: Methods and systems for optimizing lesion placement to treat cardiac fibrillation in a patient include obtaining a map of one or more measurements indicative of a number and distribution of electrical circuit cores for a duration across a cardiac tissue substrate in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate, identifying at least one region for the duration of the cardiac tissue substrate having a number of electrical circuit cores that is higher than a predetermined density threshold, generating a first sample set of lesions, the first sample set of lesions being registered onto the map, calculating and comparing a first total length of the first sample set of lesions to a predetermined length threshold, determining fitness of the first sample set of lesions, wherein fitness criteria is indicative of the level to which the sample set can terminate or at least minimize cardiac fibrillation.