Abstract: Described herein is a detector for identifying at least one material property m. The detector includes at least one sensor element including a matrix of optical sensors, the optical sensors each having a light-sensitive area. The sensor element is configured for recording at least one reflection image of a light beam originating from at least one object. The detector includes at least one evaluation device configured for determining the material property by evaluation of at least one beam profile of the reflection image.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas turbine for a turbocharger of an internal combustion engine, including a housing with an inlet passage for conducting exhaust gas onto a turbine wheel supported in the housing, a guide vane structure movable into, and out of, an annular space of the inlet passage around the turbine wheel, an operating mechanism for moving the guide vane structure is provided which includes a cylinder, a ring provided with axial passages disposed around an inner sleeve, the guide vane structure being connected to one end of claws movably disposed in the axial passages and at least one of the claws being connected at its other end to the operating mechanism.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas turbine for a turbocharger of an internal combustion engine, including a housing with an inlet passage for conducting exhaust gas onto a turbine wheel supported in the housing, a guide vane structure movable into, and out of, an annular space of the inlet passage around the turbine wheel, an operating mechanism for moving the guide vane structure is provided which includes a cylinder, a ring provided with axial passages disposed around an inner sleeve, the guide vane structure being connected to one end of claws movably disposed in the axial passages and at least one of the claws being connected at its other end to the operating mechanism.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas turbine for a turbocharger includes a rotor mounted rotatably in a turbine casing having a spiral inlet duct which is followed by an annular space surrounding the rotor. A guide-blade cascade is capable of being pushed axially into the annular space near the outer circumference of the rotor. The guide-blade cascade includes guide blades, is guided in an annular gap between an inner part and the turbine casing and is axially displaceable via an axial slide by a sliding sleeve. The guide-blade cascade with the axial slide, the inner part and/or the sliding sleeve are produced from an austenitic cast steel material having the following components: C≦0.2%; Si 1.5-2.5%; Mn≦2.00%; P≦0.045%; S≦0.03%; Cr 24.0-26.0%; Ni 19-22%; and W≦5%.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas turbine for a turbocharger includes a rotor mounted rotatably in a turbine casing having a spiral inlet duct which is followed by an annular space surrounding the rotor. A guide-blade cascade is capable of being pushed axially into the annular space near the outer circumference of the rotor. The guide-blade cascade includes guide blades, is guided in an annular gap between an inner part and the turbine casing and is axially displaceable via an axial slide by a sliding sleeve.

Abstract: In an exhaust turbine for a turbocharger having a rotor rotatably supported in a turbine casing wherein the turbine casing has a spiral inlet with an annular space disposed directly around the rotor and an axial cavity extending from the annular space axially into the casing and slideably receiving a guide vane structure so as to be movable between a retracted position in the annular space and an extended position, in which the guide vane structure is disposed in the annular space, the guide vane structure has opposite outer and inner cover rings and the turbine casing has a recess opposite the axial cavity so that in the extended position of the guide vane structure its outer cover ring is fittingly received in the recess while the inner cover ring is disposed at the outer end of the axial cavity providing for a smooth inlet flow duct surface.

Abstract: In an exhaust turbine of a turbocharger with a rotor mounted rotatably in a turbine casing having a spiral inlet duct with a guide vane structure including guide vanes arranged around the rotor and extending essentially tangentially to an outer and inner imaginary circular surface areas in the inflow zone and, respectively, the outflow zone of the guide vane structure, at least the trailing edges but preferably also the leading edges of the guide vanes extend at an angle to an axial line of the imaginary circular surface areas, thereby providing for a uniform loading of the rotor.

Abstract: In an exhaust turbine for a turbocharger having a rotor rotatably supported in a turbine casing wherein the turbine casing has a spiral inlet with an annular space disposed directly around the rotor and an axial cavity extending from the annular space axially into the casing and slideably receiving a guide vane structure so as to be movable between a retracted position in the annular space and an extended position, in which the guide vane structure is disposed in the annular space, the guide vane structure has opposite outer and inner cover rings and the turbine casing has a recess opposite the axial cavity so that in the extended position of the guide vane structure its outer cover ring is fittingly received in the recess while the inner cover ring is disposed at the outer end of the axial cavity providing for a smooth inlet flow duct surface.

Abstract: In an exhaust turbine of a turbocharger with a rotor mounted rotatably in a turbine casing having a spiral inlet duct with a guide vane structure including guide vanes arranged around the rotor and extending essentially tangentially to an outer and inner imaginary circular surface areas in the inflow zone and, respectively, the outflow zone of the guide vane structure, at least the trailing edges but preferably also the leading edges of the guide vanes extend at an angle to an axial line of the imaginary circular surface areas, thereby providing for a uniform loading of the rotor.

Abstract: The invention is an improved palladium-containing catalyst and process for preparing the catalyst. The catalyst is prepared by impregnating a dry activated carbon with a pH above 8 with a solution of palladium salt, separating the aqueous phase from the impregnated activated carbon when the aqueous phase has reached a pH of at least 1 and reducing the palladium which is supported on the activated carbon.

Abstract: An improved magnetic dispersion for magnetic recording which comprises magnetic pigment, abrasive, carbon black or another additive for regulating conductivity, binder, solvent, lubricant, and wetting agent, wherein the improvement comprises quantities of wetting agent, lubricant, or both being between at least 100 to 140% of the individually determined saturation adsorptions of the wetting agent and lubricant, with the proviso that the minimum quantity of wetting agent or lubricant is 80% of the individually determined saturation adsorption.