Abstract: A process is described for the removal of residues, in particular of unfixed dyes, dye degradation products, chemical and/or processing agent residues from textile substrates. For this purpose the textile substrates are arranged in an apparatus and treated there with an aqueous liquor for a predetermined time to remove residues, whereby a decreasing amount of fresh liquor is introduced into the apparatus and simultaneously a decreasing amount of liquor loaded with residues is removed from the apparatus as the treatment time progresses.

Abstract: The arrangement for determining rotation angle of two rotating parts in an internal combustion engine includes a first rotating part having a protruding member extending laterally from the first rotating part, the first rotating part being connected with a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine; a second rotating part having a protruding element extending laterally, therefrom the second rotating part being connected to a camshaft of the internal combustion engine and the second rotating part being positioned adjacent to the first rotating part; a pickup device for generating a first output signal when the protruding member passes by the pickup device during rotation of the rotating parts and for generating a second output signal when the protruding element passes by the pickup device during rotation of the rotating parts; and a signal processing device for receiving the first and second output signals from the pickup device, for determining a time interval between one of the first and one of the second