Abstract: A method for operating a cooling system of a transformer, wherein the transformer is cooled via a cooling liquid that circulates in the cooling system that includes a heat-exchanger, devices for increasing heat exchange performance of the at heat-exchanger and a controller, where in a normal operating state, the controller adjusts power of the devices for increasing the heat exchange performance as a function of a measured upper temperature and where, irrespective of the measured upper temperature, the controller refrains from activating the devices and/or operates the devices at a reduced power relative to the normal operating state if the lower temperature of the cooling liquid lies below a lower threshold value during operation of the transformer to achieve improved characteristics of the cooling system during operation under low environmental temperatures of the transformer, particularly in the case of a turn-on operation following lengthy storage in a cold state.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a permanent magnet, a powder of a magnetic base alloy and powders of at least two binder alloys are mixed. The magnetic base alloy has a general formula SE2T14B, wherein SE is at least one rare earth element, including Y, and T is Fe or a combination of Fe and Co, wherein Co does not exceed 40 wt % of the combination of Fe and Co. The two binder alloys have respective general formulas SE6(Fe,Co)13−xGa1+x and SE2Co3. The base alloy and the at least two binder alloys are mixed in a weight ratio between 99:1 and 89:11. The mixture is then compressed and is subsequently sintered in a vacuum and/or in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: The magnet has hard magnetic grains (K), with the hard magnetic grains (K) separated from one another in a surface layer of the magnet by a first phase (P1), while the hard magnetic grains (K) in the remaining part of the magnet are separated from one another through a nonmagnetic second phase (P2). The first phase (P1) is more corrosion resistant than the second phase (P2), so that the surface layer serves as corrosion protection. The first phase (P1) has, in addition to elements of which the second phase (P2) consists, at least one further element.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a permanent magnet, a powder of a magnetic base alloy and powders of at least two binder alloys are mixed. The magnetic base alloy has a general formula SE2T14B, wherein SE is at least one rare earth element, including Y, and T is Fe or a combination of Fe and Co, wherein Co does not exceed 40 wt % of the combination of Fe and Co. The two binder alloys have respective general formulas SE6(Fe,Co)13−xGa1+x and SE2Co3. The base alloy and the at least two binder alloys are mixed in a weight ratio between 99:1 and 89:11. The mixture is then compressed and is subsequently sintered in a vacuum and/or in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A permanent magnet has a base composition of SE—Fe—B, wherein SE is at least one rare earth element, including Y, and having the tetragonal phase SE2Fe14B as the principal phase, and additionally having an iron-free and boron-free phase of the general formula SE5(Co, Ga), as a binder alloy. In a method for making such a permanent magnet, a powder of a base ally having the tetragonal phase composition, and a binder alloy having the aforementioned general formula composition, are mixed in a weight ration between 99:1 and 90:10.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a permanent magnet, a powder of a magnetic base alloy and powders of first and second binder alloys are mixed. The magnetic base alloy has a general formula SE.sub.2 T.sub.14 B, wherein SE is at least one rare earth element, including Y, and T is Fe or a combination of Fe and Co, wherein Co does not exceed 40 wt % of the combination of Fe and Co. Each of the first and second binder alloys has a general formula SE.sub.a Fe.sub.b Co.sub.c B.sub.d Ga.sub.e, wherein 15<a<40, 0<b.ltoreq.80, 5.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.85, 0<d.ltoreq.20, 0<e.ltoreq.20, and a+b+c+d+e=100, and wherein the second binder alloy contains approximately 2.5 wt % fewer rare earth elements and approximately 1.5 wt % less gallium compared to the first binder alloy. The base alloy and the binder alloys are mixed in a weight ratio of base alloy to binder alloys between 99:1 and 90:10, and is subsequently compressed and sintered in a vacuum and/or in an inert gas atmosphere.