Abstract: Disclosed are core-shell particles, whose core and shell materials are capable of forming a two-phase system, the shell material being filmable, the core being essentially form-stable under shell-filming conditions and being only very minimally swellable by the shell material, if at all, the cores having a monodisperse size distribution, and there being a difference between the refractive indices of the core material and of the shell material of at least 0.001. Also disclosed are the preparation of the core-shell particles and their use for preparing effect colorants.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula I X[—Y1—A1—Y2—M—Y3—A2—Z]n  I, wherein the variables are as defined in the specification. The compounds are suitable as alignment layers for liquid-crystalline materials, as photocrosslinkable adhesives, as monomers for the production of liquid-crystalline networks, as base material for the preparation of polymerizable liquid-crystal systems which can be doped by chiral compounds, as polymerizable matrix monomers for polymer-dispersed displays or as base material for polymerizable, liquid-crystalline materials for optical components, such as polarizers, retardation plates or lenses.

Abstract: Liquid crystalline chiral nematic polyesters have flexible chains comprising isosorbide, isomannide and/or isoidide units. The polyesters are not crystalline and form stable Grandjean textures which can be frozen on cooling below the glass transition temperature. They can therefore be used in particular as surface-coating materials.

Abstract: Cholesteric liquid-crystalline polymers, especially cholesteric liquid-crystalline polyesters, polycarbonates or polyamides, are used as photostable UV screens in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations for protecting the human epidermis or hair against UV radiation, especially in the region from 280 to 450 nm.

Abstract: A chiral nematic polycarbonate having carbonate units, of the formula Iwhere the w/x/y/z molar ratio is 1 to 20/1 to 5/0 to 10/0 to 10,A is a mesogenic group of the formula ##STR1## or ##STR2## ; and B is a chiral group.

Abstract: A process for preparing pigment particles of defined size and shape comprises treating a sheetlike structure having through openings of defined shape and size with a polymerizable substance or mixture of substances in such a way that the openings are filled, removing any solvent present, polymerizing the substance or substance mixture, and isolating the resulting pigment particles from the openings. The pigments are readily varied in size and shape by variation of the substrate parameters and are useful for the known pigment applications, especially coatings, paints and inks.

Abstract: Polymerizable liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula IZ.sup.1 --Y.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Y.sup.3 --M--Y.sup.4 --A.sup.2 --Y.sup.2 --Z.sup.2 IwhereZ.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are radicals containing reactive groups via which polymerization can be effected,Y.sup.1 -Y.sup.4 are a single chemical bond, oxygen, sulfur, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --O--CO--O--, --CO--NR--, --NR--CO--, --O--CO--NR--, --NR--CO--O-- or --NR--CO--NR--, where at least one of the groups Y.sup.3 and Y.sup.4 is --O--CO--O--, --O--CO--NR--, --NR--CO--O-- or --NR--CO--NR--,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are spacers having 2 to 30 carbon atoms in which the carbon chain may be interrupted by ether oxygen, thioether sulfur or by nonadjacent imino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylimino groups,M is a mesogenic group,R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,and compositions comprising them are distinguished by favorable liquid-crystalline phase-temperature ranges and can be used in optical display devices and in cholesteric liquid-crystalline colorants.

Abstract: Use of compounds in the plastic columnar discotic liquid-crystal phase for transport of electric charges.

Abstract: The use of cholesteric, liquid-crystalline compositions comprisinga) at least one chiral, liquid-crystalline, polymerizable monomer of the formula I,[Z.sup.1 -Y.sup.1 -(A.sup.1).sub.m -Y.sup.2 -M.sup.1 -Y.sup.3 -].sub.n -XIby means of which a cholesteric, liquid-crystalline phase with a pitch of less than 450 nm can be obtained,orb) a mixture ofb.sub.1) at least one achiral, liquid-crystalline, polymerizable monomer of the formula IIZ.sup.2 -Y.sup.4 -(A.sup.2)-.sub.o -Y.sup.5 -M.sup.2 -Y.sup.6 -(A.sup.3).sub.p -Y.sup.7 -Z.sup.3 lIandb.sub.2) at least one chiral additive by means of which a cholesteric, liquid-crystalline phase with a pitch of less than 450 nm can be obtained,where the variables are as defined in the description, as UV filters in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations for protecting the human skin or human hair against sunlight, alone or together with UV-absorbent compounds which are known per se for cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: The use of low molecular-weight or polymeric organic compounds which are present in the columnar-helical phase and have liquid-crystalline properties, as photoconductors or in electronic components, corresponding photoconductive layers, an electrophotographic recording material and a method for enhancing the photoconductivity.

Abstract: Process for preparing pigments by applying a polymerizable mixture to a surface, orienting the liquid crystals present in the mixture, polymerizing the mixture, detaching the polymer film from the surface and comminuting the polymer film to form pigment particles, wherein the polymerizable mixture comprises:a.sub.1) at least one chiral liquid-crystalline polymerizable monomer ora.sub.2) at least one achiral liquid-crystalline polymerizable monomer and a chiral compound, and additionallyb) a polymeric binder and/or monomeric compounds which are converted by polymerization into a polymeric binder and/or a dispersion auxiliary.

Abstract: Polymerized liquid-crystalline compositions are obtainable by radiation curing of mixtures comprising P0 a) one or more cellulose derivatives in which some or all of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose are replaced by --OR, 13 O--CO--NH--R, --O--CO--R or --O--CO--OR, where each R can be identical or different and is an aliphatic or aromatic radical of up to 20 carbons,b) one or more polymerizable monomers andc) if desired, further additives.

Abstract: A process for coating or printing substrates with a coating or printing composition comprises applying a polymerizable material containing liquid-crystalline, polymerizable monomers which carryat least two polymerizable groups for coating andat least one polymerizable group for printing,to the substrate, and subsequently carrying out the polymerization, where the coating composition or the printing composition comprisesa.sub.1) a chiral liquid-crystalline monomer andb) a polymeric binder and/or monomeric compounds which can be converted into the polymeric binder by polymerization, or, in the case of emulsion coatings and printing inks, a dispersion auxiliary d),or the coating composition or the printing composition comprisesa.sub.

Abstract: The use of low molecular-weight or polymeric organic compounds which are present in the columnar-helical phase and have liquid-crystalline properties, as photoconductors or in electronic components, corresponding photoconductive layers, an electrophotographic recording material and a method for enhancing the photoconductivity.

Abstract: A polymerizable, chiral compound of the formula (I):(Z--Y.sup.1 -A-O--CO--O-M-Y.sup.2).sub.n X (I)where:A, M, Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2, X, n and Z are as defined herein; and which compound is suitable for use in electro-optical displays or as chiral dopes for nematic or cholesteric liquid crystals for the production of layers which reflect in colors.

Abstract: Novel triphenylene compounds which contain, bonded to the triphenylene framework, at least three ethylenically unsaturated groups or groups carrying oxiranyl or thiiranyl groups, and a process for the preparation of discotic liquid crystalline crosslinked polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed the use of organic materials having a specific conductivity of less than 10.sup.-2 S/cm and a nonionic charge carrier mobility greater than 10.sup.-4 cm.sup.2 /Vs as charge transport medium, with the proviso that an increase in the charge carrier concentration by a factor of 10 or more is not caused in this organic material by light absorption, and corresponding electrochemical cells.