Abstract: A potentiometric sensor that includes a housing and working electrode is provided. The housing includes a reference electrode, a first hydrogel that contains a reference solution, and a salt bridge. The sensor is wearable and can be used for continuous on-body sweat measurements.

Abstract: A potentiometric sensor that includes a housing and working electrode is provided. The housing includes a reference electrode, a first hydrogel containing hydrogel that contains a reference solution, and a salt bridge. The sensor is wearable and can be used for continuous on-body sweat measurements.

Abstract: A potentiometric sensor that includes a housing and working electrode is provided. The housing includes a reference electrode, a first hydrogel containing hydrogel that contains a reference solution, and a salt bridge. The sensor is wearable and can be used for continuous on-body sweat measurements.

Abstract: A system and a method for determining the torque imposed on a filament, such as a single DNA strand or macromolecule, using a magnetic probe and an imaging device.

Abstract: A system and a method for determining the torque imposed on a filament, such as a single DNA strand or macromolecule, using a magnetic probe and an imaging device.

Abstract: Methods for electrodeposition of conductive material on a conductive substrate that contains a pattern of a chemisorbed surfactant formed by a stamp having a patterned surface which is pressed onto the surface of the substrate for printing the substrate. Electrodeposition occurs by immersing the patterned substrate in a plating bath upon application of deposition potential or current to the conductive substrate. In embodiment, the chemisorbed surfactant on the surface of the substrate acts as a positive resist so that electrodeposition occurs on regions of the substrate not covered with surfactant. In another embodiment, electrodeposition occurs preferentially in regions of the substrate covered with the chemisorbed surfactant.

Abstract: A method for the controlled release of an agent (e.g., a biomolecule or nanoparticle) into a specified environment, includes the steps of: (a) providing an electrode or array of electrodes, (b) functionalizing the electrode's surface by introducing to it a molecule or molecules (e.g., thiols on a gold electrode) that chemically bond on the electrode surface and form themselves into a self-assembled monolayer (c) attaching or linking said agent to the molecules through a chemical (e.g., using a coupling group such as amine) or electrostatic (e.g., when the agent is DNA) linkage, and (d) electrochemically releasing the agent from the electrode surface.

Abstract: A microelectrode assembly for bio-stimulating and/or bio-sensing a target tissue includes a substrate having a first side and a second side, an array of microelectrodes, each of the microelectrodes including a nano-wire embedded within the substrate and extending from a proximal end at the first side to a distal end at the second side, each nano-wire having a diameter less than 1 ?m. The substrate with the embedded nano-wires is fluid impermeable. The proximal ends of the nano-wires are adapted to be connected to an electronic device and the distal ends are adapted to be disposed in a biological environment for bio-stimulating a target tissue and/or bio-sensing activities of the target tissue.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a surface of a substrate is patterned by the steps of providing the substrate, forming a surfactant pattern on the surface and using electroless deposition or electrodeposition to deposit material on the surface in a pattern directed by the surfactant pattern. The material will preferentially deposit either under the surfactant pattern or outside the surfactant pattern depending on the material and the conditions of deposition. The surfactant pattern is conveniently formed by printing on the surface a surfactant that forms a self assembled monolayer (SAM). The method can be adapted to build complex structures in one, two and three dimensions.

Abstract: This invention is predicated on the present applicants' discovery that nanostructures comprising discrete regions of different composition can be used to deliver to a biological cell a desired combination of molecules in close proximity. Different molecules can be selectively bonded to discrete regions of different composition in sufficiently close physical relationship to enhance delivery or effectiveness within the cell. The preferred nanostructures are multicomponent nanorods. Important applications include delivery of missing DNA sequences for gene therapy and delivery of antigens or DNA encoding antigens for vaccination.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a surface of a substrate is patterned by the steps of providing the substrate, forming a surfactant pattern on the surface and using electroless deposition or electrodeposition to deposit material on the surface in a pattern directed by the surfactant pattern. The material will preferentially deposit either under the surfactant pattern or outside the surfactant pattern depending on the material and the conditions of deposition. The surfactant pattern is conveniently formed by printing on the surface a surfactant that forms a self assembled monolayer (SAM). The method can be adapted to build complex structures in one, two and three dimensions.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of an electrode formed from at least one electrically conductive polymer having a lower, polymerization potential than p-doping peak. The method of manufacture of the electrode including a conditioning step which results in remarkably high charge capacities and excellent cycling efficiency. The provision of these polymeric electrodes further permits the manufacture of an electrochemical storage cell which is substantially free of metal components, thereby improving handling of the storage cell and obviating safety and environmental concerns associated with alternative secondary battery technology.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of an electrode formed from at least one electrically conductive polymer having a lower polymerization potential than p-doping peak. The method of manufacture of the electrode including a conditioning step which results in remarkably high charge capacities and excellent cycling efficiency. The provision of these polymeric electrodes further permits the manufacture of an electrochemical storage cell which is substantially free of metal components, thereby improving handling of the storage cell and obviating safety and environmental concerns associated with alternative secondary battery technology.

Abstract: An electrochemical storage cell or battery including as at least one electrode at least one electrically conductive polymer, the polymer being poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-3-fluorophenylene), poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-2,5-difluorophenylene), poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylene), or poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-benzene). These polymeric electrodes have remarkably high charge capacities, and excellent cycling efficiency. The provision of these polymeric electrodes further permits the electrochemical storage cell to be substantially free of metal components, thereby improving handling of the storage cell and obviating safety and environmental concerns associated with alternative secondary battery technology.

Abstract: An electrochemical storage cell or battery including as at least one electrode at least one electrically conductive polymer, the polymer being poly (3(2-fluorophenyl)thiophene), poly(3(3-fluorophenyl) thiophene), poly(3(2,4-fluorophenyl) thiophene), poly(3(3,4-difluorophenyl) thiophene), poly(3(3,5-difluorophenyl) thiophene), or poly(3(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)thiophene). These polymeric electrodes have remarkably high charge capacities, and excellent cycling efficiency. The provision of these polymeric electrode further permits the electrochemical storage cell to be substantially free of metal components, thereby improving handling of the storage cell and obviating safety and environmental concerns associated with alternative secondary battery technology.