Abstract: An optimisation method is presented for the transmission of data along any radio frequency link which can be split into distinct transmission blocks, an example being a beam hopping system. By reordering the packets to be transmitted, it is possible to send packets either at, or nearer to, their optimal modulation and encoding configuration. This will allow for a higher bit to symbol conversion for the majority of packets and hence more data bits can be sent for the same number of symbols.

Abstract: An optimisation method is presented for the transmission of data along any radio frequency link which can be split into distinct transmission blocks, an example being a beam hopping system. By reordering the packets to be transmitted, it is possible to send packets either at, or nearer to, their optimal modulation and encoding configuration. This will allow for a higher bit to symbol conversion for the majority of packets and hence more data bits can be sent for the same number of symbols.

Abstract: A roulette wheel apparatus comprising a rotatable roulette wheel located in a wheel bowl and a ball launcher adapted to launch a roulette ball into the wheel bowl with a predetermined variable launch speed, the ball launcher comprising at least one rotatable element adapted to accelerate a roulette ball in contact with the rotatable element and/or at least one element adapted to spin a roulette ball in contact with the element.

Abstract: A roulette wheel apparatus comprising a rotatable roulette wheel located in a wheel bowl and a ball launcher adapted to launch a roulette ball into the wheel bowl with a predetermined variable launch speed, the ball launcher comprising at least one rotatable element adapted to accelerate a roulette ball in contact with the rotatable element and/or at least one element adapted to spin a roulette ball in contact with the element.

Abstract: A conventional roulette wheel modified to include a set of roulette numbers depicted on an inner rotatable unit which like another set of roulette numbers depicted on an outer rotatable ring serve to identify a ball compartment such that a ball compartment into which the roulette ball ultimately lands is identified by two roulette numbers increasing the number of wager options for players including a high-paying bonus wager. Various systems for ensuring alignment of the outer and/or inner sets of roulette numbers with the ball compartments are disclosed.

Abstract: A conventional roulette wheel modified to include a set of roulette numbers depicted on an inner rotatable unit which like another set of roulette numbers depicted on an outer rotatable ring serve to identify a ball compartment such that a ball compartment into which the roulette ball ultimately lands is identified by two roulette numbers increasing the number of wager options for players including a high-paying bonus wager. Various systems for ensuring alignment of the outer and/or inner sets of roulette numbers with the ball compartments are disclosed.